CAR-T疗法扩展:Unum Therapeutic招募一期临床病人

2014-12-03 佚名 美中药源

今天美国生物制药公司Unum Therapeutic宣布开始招募一期临床病人。其所谓通用T-细胞免疫疗法药物ATTCK20将和Rituxan联用用于慢性白血病(CLL)的治疗。ATTCK是Antibody-Targeted Tumor Cell Killing的英文缩写,意思是抗体导向肿瘤细胞杀伤。ATTCK是CAR-T疗法的一个衍生策略。ATTCK也使用病人T-细胞,但和大部分针对CD19的

今天美国生物制药公司Unum Therapeutic宣布开始招募一期临床病人。其所谓通用T-细胞免疫疗法药物ATTCK20将和Rituxan联用用于慢性白血病(CLL)的治疗。ATTCK是Antibody-Targeted Tumor Cell Killing的英文缩写,意思是抗体导向肿瘤细胞杀伤。ATTCK是CAR-T疗法的一个衍生策略。ATTCK也使用病人T-细胞,但和大部分针对CD19的CAR-T不同,ATTCK识别抗体药物。ATTCK20是能识别Rituxan的T-细胞,所以需要和Rituxan联用。Rituxan和肿瘤细胞表面抗原CD20结合后再和ATTCK型T-细胞结合,达到杀死肿瘤细胞效果。

CAR-T正在迅速成为一个治疗肿瘤的一个崭新技术大平台。其根本技术是把患者的T-细胞从普通战士训练成职业杀手。这个技术早在20年前就开始开发,但早期的努力基本没有什么结果,主要是疗效不好。直到3、4年前CTL019的出现,高达90%的复发/难治极性白血病患者有完全应答,部分病人应答长达两年。CAR-T是医药史上少有的颠覆性技术,所以很多人从不同角度扩展这个平台情理之中。

现在多数CAR-T疗法针对CD19,而Unum这个技术是针对抗体药物。这个思路和ADC(抗体药物偶联)和BiTE(双选择性T-细胞结合蛋白)有一定相似性,这个技术可以摆脱对CD19抗原的依赖,通过抗体药物针对更加广泛的抗原。公司名字来自美国国徽的一句拉丁格言 “E pluribus unum”,  译成英文叫“out of many, one”,中文被译为“合众为一”。意思是虽然大家来自五湖四海,但只有一个革命目标。

CLT019的出现如同第一个吃螃蟹的人,这是风险最大、难度最高的一步。虽然敢第一个吃螃蟹的人不多,但一旦螃蟹被证明可以吃世界上能发明新吃法的厨师多了去了。Unum这个广谱抗原技术只是其中一个扩展。还有所谓的“off-the-shelf” CAR-T,即不用从患者提取T-细胞而把干细胞改造成针对某一肿瘤抗原的T-细胞。当然也有针对实体瘤抗原的CAR-T。

CAR-T的开发过程显现新药研发对技术和资本的全方位要求。利用T-细胞抗癌这个基本理念早就有了,但搞清技术细节就花了20年。Juno和世界知名医院斯隆医学中心的CAR-T实验因为死了两个病人年初曾被FDA叫停。第一个儿童病人Emily Whitehead在使用CLT019后发生严重免疫反应,被送入ICU。如果不是在宾大这种世界一流的医护环境下患者可能就死了,那么CAR-T又会停滞。宾大的医生很快发现Emily的IL-6水平超出常人1000倍,并及时使用了IL-6抗体药物Tocilizumab,使她迅速恢复。制药巨头诺华的早期介入也在资本和技术上强烈支持了这个襁褓中的技术。中国如果想加入世界新药研发的竞争,即使暂时没有支持这样开创性药物开发的资本和技术环境,至少得有产生Unum级别企业的基础研究和资本市场。即使有人发现螃蟹可以吃但如果你只会炒鸡蛋,那么高端餐饮也与你无关。

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    2015-09-20 仁者大医
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    2015-01-10 feather89
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    2014-12-03 jawel

    志愿者厉害

    0

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