Nat Biotech:“整形”T细胞瞄准肿瘤细胞开炮

2015-03-20 MedSci MedSci原创

Max Delbrück分子医学中心(MDC)以及柏林Charité医科大学的研究人员成功地生成针对特定目标的免疫系统细胞并摧毁癌细胞。该项研究结果发表在最新一期Nature Biotechnologyonline杂志上。身体的免疫系统具备区分“外来”和“自身”物质的能力,并以此识别和摧毁外来结构。然而,免疫系统似乎对癌症的反应是比较柔弱的。尽管因肿瘤细胞具备自身特点——细胞表面抗原而使得免疫系统

Max Delbrück分子医学中心(MDC)以及柏林Charité医科大学的研究人员成功地生成针对特定目标的免疫系统细胞并摧毁癌细胞。该项研究结果发表在最新一期Nature Biotechnologyonline杂志上。

身体的免疫系统具备区分“外来”和“自身”物质的能力,并以此识别和摧毁外来结构。然而,免疫系统似乎对癌症的反应是比较柔弱的。尽管因肿瘤细胞具备自身特点——细胞表面抗原而使得免疫系统能够检测肿瘤细胞,并且确定这些细胞病理上的改变,但免疫系统通常不会对其发起攻击,而是容忍他们。原因是肿瘤细胞是身体的内源性物质,免疫细胞并没有把肿瘤细胞视为能够引起病理作用的外来物质。因此,研究人员想要打破这种“宽容”以研发对抗癌症的新疗法。

T细胞是免疫系统攻击的关键成员。他们表面具备让其识别外来物质、细菌或病毒的抗原的受体结构,因此可以针对性地摧毁入侵者。癌症研究人员和免疫学家正试图动员这个属性的T细胞来对抗癌症。研究的目标是开发专门识别和攻击癌细胞的T细胞,而躲开身体其他健康细胞。

而今,Matthias Obenaus、Blankenstein教授、Leisegang博士、Uckert教授和Schendel教授已经发现一种人类T细胞受体,它对肿瘤细胞无耐受作用并且能够特异性识别存在于多种人类肿瘤细胞的MAGE-A1。相比直接使用来自人体的TCRs,科学家通过小鼠模型来进行“绕道”,躲开前者不具备实质性协调抗肿瘤效果的弱点。

首先,研究人员对人类TCRs的基因信息传输到老鼠,因此创建一个完整人类TCRs的兵工厂(Nature,doi:10.1038 / nm.2197)。当人源化的小鼠T细胞接触到人类癌症细胞,他们认为肿瘤抗原如同细菌或病毒抗原一般是外来的物质。因此,这类T细胞特异性靶向攻击和破坏肿瘤细胞。

随后,研究人员把这些小鼠中的人类体细胞受体分离出来,而这些受体能够专门针对肿瘤抗原MAGE-A1。然后他们把分离出来的T细胞受体转移到人类T细胞上,进而培养他们识别癌细胞为外来物质的能力。

过去一些研究人员曾经改造T细胞用以自然识别肿瘤细胞中的MAGE-A1,但这仅限于在培养皿中。在使用动物模型的研究中,只有来源于小鼠的人类TCRs对肿瘤有效。人类自身的T细胞完全忽视了肿瘤。而通过小鼠模型改造的人类TCRs却不能充分识别肿瘤抗原,因为他们太弱了。Matthias Obenaus和Blankenstein教授说:“事实上,我们从小鼠中获得的细胞攻击能力更强表明人类的T细胞对肿瘤细胞的MAGE-A1产生耐受。”

研究人员正计划应用他们开发的T细胞受体以进行初步临床试验,用于治疗MAGE-A1阳性的多发性骨髓瘤患者。

原始出处:


Matthias Obenaus, Catarina Leitão, Matthias Leisegang, Xiaojing Chen, Ioannis Gavvovidis, Pierre van der Bruggen, Wolfgang Uckert, Dolores J Schendel, Thomas Blankenstein. Identification of human T-cell receptors with optimal affinity to cancer antigens using antigen-negative humanized mice. Nature Biotechnology, 2015; DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3147

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    2015-03-25 shock_melon
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    2015-07-12 liye789132251
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    2015-04-09 sunylz
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    2015-07-23 cathymary

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为了保护机体免于遭受将来相同的病原体感染,CD4阳性T细胞能分化成记忆T细胞。于此相对的,还有一群名为自主活化的CD4阳性记忆T细胞会持续存在于组织中造成对身体的破坏。然而机体如何控制CD4阳性记忆T细胞种群稳定的详细机制还不清楚。 本文的研究者们发现Notch信号通路中的一个蛋白Rbpj(recombination signal biding protein for immunoglobuli

Nat Immuno:PI3K 信号通路控制调节性T细胞种群

Foxp3阳性的调节性体细胞(Treg, regulatory T cells)在维持机体免疫系统功能平衡重具有至关重要的作用。传统T细胞(Tconv, conventional T cells)和调节性T细胞之间的一项显着差别就是PI3K信号通路的活性。静息态的T细胞中PI3K信号通路由负调控因子PTEN抑制,不会被激活,而当Tconv细胞被激活时PTEN的活性会被下调,但是Treg细胞不会。由

Science:T细胞“弹性的功能分化

克隆选择学说是免疫学的奠基理论,它的主要内容是T,B细胞成熟过程中,每个单独的细胞克隆只能产生一种类型的TCR/BCR。我们可以把它称为"结构"的特异性。另一方面,成熟后的T细胞在接受抗原呈递细胞的刺激后会发生一系列的分化以分别行使不同的功能,这可以称之为"功能"的分化。这种分化最终产生的细胞类型目前已知有Th1,Th2,Th17,Tfh。 以前的研究暗示我们T细胞的功能分化是决定性的,即一个克