国家公布首批罕见病目录,渐冻人、帕金森等系数在列(附名单)

2018-06-11 99健康网 99健康网

近日,国家卫生健康委员会、科技部、工信部、药监总局、中医药管理局5部门联合公布《第一批罕见病目录》。首批目录纳入了血友病、白化病等121种疾病,因冰桶挑战活动被社会公众熟知的罕见病“渐冻人症”——肌萎缩侧索硬化也被纳入。“渐冻人”、“瓷娃娃”、“月亮的孩子”……这些透露着凄凉美感的名字,背后却是可能会危及生命的罕见病。罕见病,顾名思义是指流行率很低、很少见的疾病,根据世界卫生组织的定义,患病人数占

近日,国家卫生健康委员会、科技部、工信部、药监总局、中医药管理局5部门联合公布《第一批罕见病目录》。首批目录纳入了血友病、白化病等121种疾病,因冰桶挑战活动被社会公众熟知的罕见病“渐冻人症”——肌萎缩侧索硬化也被纳入。

“渐冻人”、“瓷娃娃”、“月亮的孩子”……这些透露着凄凉美感的名字,背后却是可能会危及生命的罕见病。罕见病,顾名思义是指流行率很低、很少见的疾病,根据世界卫生组织的定义,患病人数占总人口的0.65%~1%之间的疾病或病变称为罕见病。目前,国际上确认的数千种罕见病可占人类疾病的10%,罕见病其实并不罕见。

相关数据表明,2016年我国罕见病群体约为1680万人,然而大部分医务人员缺乏各类罕见病的临床经验,加上少有对症药物,使得罕见病患者难以获得有效的治疗,缺乏对自己所患疾病的正确认知,当务之急是让病患及更多人了解罕见病,从而引起社会各界的重视,推进罕见病的防治工作 。

常见的罕见病有哪些

1.肌萎缩侧索硬化症

也就是人们常说的“渐冻人”,即上、下运动神经元合并受损的混合性瘫痪,是一种慢性进行性变性疾病。该疾病患者在治疗之余更要注意合理安排饮食,多食豆芽菜、菠菜、白菜等蔬菜,避免暴饮暴食,更要注意及时防治、尽早治疗。

2.白化病

是由于不同基因的突变,导致黑色素或黑色素体生物合成缺陷,从而表现为皮肤、眼睛、毛发等色素缺乏的一种遗传病症。白化病患者的皮肤和毛发呈白化现象,易晒伤、大多有眼球震颤、怕光、低视力等现象,目前无有效的治疗方法。

3.肢端肥大症

是脑下垂体因增生或肿瘤而引起生长激素分泌过多引起的皮肤及骨骼异常增生性疾病。未成年人发病引起巨人症,成年人发病表现为皮肤弥漫性肥大增厚,面部皮肤纹理增粗,皱纹加深,鼻唇沟增宽,舌、嘴唇变厚。同时垂体肿瘤压迫导致器官病变且恶性肿瘤发生率也会相应增加,寿命缩短。发病率6~18人/百万。

4.特发性肺动脉高压病

是一种罕见的心血管病,发病率每年1~2人/百万,女性发病率较高。60%的患者表现为呼吸困难、气喘、胸痛等,病情严重的出现心包积液,导致右心衰竭,只能卧床不起。患者平均年龄在30岁左右,目前是不可治愈的重度慢性疾病。

5.苯酮尿症

缺乏丙酮酸羟化酶,苯丙氨酸只能靠转氨生成苯丙酮酸,患者尿中排出大量苯丙酮酸。苯丙酮酸堆积对神经有毒害,使智力发育出现障碍。新生儿患病的机率约是5万分之一,一年约有6~7个患有此种病症的新生儿出生。

6.线粒体病

是由线粒体DNA或核DNA缺陷引起。基因缺陷导致了线粒体呼吸链上的功能蛋白或结构蛋白发生改变,丧失了原有的功能,使能量合成受阻,从而出现一系列的症状,常见的有癫痫、偏头痛、痴呆、偏盲、四肢酸痛且活动后乏力明显、视力下降、眼睑下垂、神经性耳聋以及身材矮小、糖尿病、心肌病、白内障等。

7.血友病

为遗传性凝血功能障碍的出血性疾病,表现为轻微外伤后容易出血不止,或是自发性出血。受先天性因子影响,血友病由女性传递、男性发病,因而患者多为男性。目前,血友病的治疗方法相较于其他罕见病较为完善,患者可选择局部止血治疗、替代疗法等方法。

由于治疗罕见病的药物适用人群少、市场需求少、研发成本高,很少有制药企业进行研发生产,这些药被称为“孤儿药”。据王晓晖统计,首批进入目录的121种罕见病中,目前有40多种已经有批准上市的治疗药物,而其中在国内上市的仅20多种。

业内人士认为,国家罕见病目录的出台将提高药企对罕见病用药的研发积极性,加快罕见病药品上市进程,从而改善罕见病患者的生活质量,并将为罕见病药物纳入医保提供参考依据。

首批罕见病国家目录








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    2018-06-13 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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    2018-06-13 syscxl
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    2018-06-13 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

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    2018-06-12 易水河

    应该给予支持重视

    0

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    2018-06-11 1230bee2m59暂无昵称

    学医就是这样的.谢谢!

    0

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    2018-06-11 liuchuan1982

    0

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基因编辑之下,罕见病治疗触目可及

尽管基因治疗发展迅速,但从技术角度看,目前针对单基因疾病的基因疗法似乎更可行。据统计,在已被确认的7000种罕见疾病中,单基因疾病约占80 %。因此,在大多数临床试验从严重的联合免疫缺陷病等单基因疾病转向心脏病和癌症等多基因疾病之前,罕见病可能是基因疗法的首要应用领域。

基因诊疗时代,排查儿童的隐形杀手!

对于罕见疾病尚无有效的治疗方法,超过95%的罕见病没有FDA或EMA通过的上市药物,约80%的罕见病是由基因引起的。只能广泛开展产前筛查与产前诊断,及时诊断胎儿异常,适时终止妊娠,降低出生缺陷。

卫健委:分批遴选罕见病目录,目录动态更新

今年5月,第一批罕见病目录公开,121个临床上较罕见、医疗需求较急迫、社会关注度较高的疾病纳入目录范围。121个病种中,仅44个病种有相关药物在全球上市,在中国上市的则不到一半,另外有77个病种处于无药可治的状态。

纳入121种疾病!国家卫健委等5部门联合发布第一批罕见病名录

国家卫生健康委员会、科学技术部、工业和信息化部、国家药品监督管理局、国家中医药管理局等5部门联合发布《第一批罕见病目录》,共计121种疾病。至此,国家版罕见病目录终于落定,这将极大地改善罕见病患者“病无所医、医无所药、药无所保”的窘境。

罕见病解读系列(1)| 代华平:特发性肺纤维化会造成哪些临床表现与病理改变?如何诊断与鉴别诊断?

近日,国家卫生健康委员会、科技部、工业和信息化部、国家药品监督管理局、国家中医药管理局等五部门联合发布了《第一批罕见病目录》,共收录121种疾病,其中多种为呼吸疾病,为此,特约专家对此逐一进行分析解读,敬请关注。

张抒扬:罕见病诊断与研究上升至国家层面

2018年5月22日,国家卫生健康委员会、科技部、工信部、国家药监局、国家中医药管理局等五部委联合制定的《第一批罕见病目录》正式发布,这是有关部门在贯彻中央关于深化审评审批制度改革、鼓励药品医疗器械创新的意见,加强我国罕见病管理,提高罕见病诊疗水平,维护罕见病患者健康权益方面的一项重要举措。制定罕见病目录,推动罕见病研究早在2015年底,国家卫生计生委医政医管局组织成立了罕见病诊疗与保障专家委员