PNAS:基因编辑技术成功清除感染细胞中的艾滋病病毒

2014-07-23 MedSci 新华网

美国坦普尔大学研究人员21日说,他们利用基因组编辑技术,首次成功地把艾滋病病毒从培养的人类细胞中彻底清除。 “这是朝着永久治愈艾滋病方向迈出的重要一步,”参与研究的卡迈勒·哈利利教授在一份声明中说,“这是一项令人激动的发现,但不是说目前就能进入临床应用,它只是概念性地证明,我们走在正确的方向上。” 这项成果发表在新一期美国《国家科学院学报》上。论文第一作者胡文辉副教授对新华社记者说,当今的

美国坦普尔大学研究人员21日说,他们利用基因组编辑技术,首次成功地把艾滋病病毒从培养的人类细胞中彻底清除。该研究第一作者是华人学者胡文辉博士。

“这是朝着永久治愈艾滋病方向迈出的重要一步,”参与研究的卡迈勒·哈利利教授在一份声明中说,“这是一项令人激动的发现,但不是说目前就能进入临床应用,它只是概念性地证明,我们走在正确的方向上。”

这项成果发表在新一期美国《国家科学院学报》上。论文第一作者胡文辉副教授对新华社记者说,当今的艾滋病治疗只能达到“功能性”治愈,但不能彻底治 愈。因为艾滋病病毒的基因组已经整合到病人细胞基因组中,因此一旦中断治疗,病人的病情就易于复发。“如需获得彻底根治,整合的潜伏病毒基因组就必须被完 全根除”。

研究人员利用了近一年来极其热门的CRISPR/cas9基因剪辑技术。因简便、价廉、多功能和高效率,这种技术也被誉为“基因组编辑的魔术手术刀”。这种技术就是通过RNA(核糖核酸)做向导,把cas9酶带到相应的位置,然后用这种酶切割病毒DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)。

胡文辉解释说,艾滋病病毒两端含有几乎对等的长重复序列,利用cas9酶剪断长重复序列,便切除了其间的艾滋病病毒基因组,此后细胞可自我修复。

研究人员利用艾滋病病毒潜伏感染的多种细胞模型进行实验,包括巨噬细胞、小胶质细胞和T淋巴细胞等,均成功地根除了潜在的艾滋病病毒。

华人学者胡文辉说:“成果的关键在于彻底根除病毒,达到治愈和预防的双重目的。”此外,这种方法也有望应用于清除其他潜伏性感染病毒。

但研究人员指出,目前将这一技术应用于临床还面临许多挑战,包括如何把治疗物质输送到每一个感染细胞等。此外,艾滋病病毒易于变异,如何让治疗个性化,适应每个患者独特的病毒序列也是个问题。

原始出处:
Wenhui Hu
,Rafal Kaminski,Fan Yang,Yonggang Zhang,Laura Cosentino,Fang Li,Biao Luo,David Alvarez-Carbonell,Yoelvis Garcia-Mesa,Jonathan Karn,Xianming Mo,and Kamel Khalili. RNA-directed gene editing specifically eradicates latent and prevents new HIV-1 infection PNAS 2014 ; published ahead of print July 21, 2014, doi:10.1073/pnas.1405186111

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    2014-09-08 drwjr
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    2014-07-23 dingling

    基因编辑是什么东西

    0

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    2014-07-23 lovetcm

    如果将来能活体应用,很多疾病可能都可以突破了

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