ASCRS便秘指南发布

2016-06-16 符炜大夫 符炜大夫

DisColon Rectum杂志2016年第6期发布了“美国结直肠外科医师协会便秘评价与处理的临床实践指南”。与9年前2007年的指南相比,有一些重要的更新。

DisColon Rectum杂志2016年第6期发布了“美国结直肠外科医师协会便秘评价与处理的临床实践指南”。与9年前2007年的指南相比,有一些重要的更新。

【关于便秘问题的概述】

便秘是一种良性疾病,可以显著影响生活质量。便秘的患病率估计高达30%。妇女、有色人种、年龄>65岁以及社会经济状况较低的人患病率较高。便秘的特征是结肠运动和排便过程的功能障碍。功能性便秘的罗马III诊断标准是排便时在≥25%情况下,满足下列至少两项:费力努挣,粪便粗大干硬,排便不尽感,肛门直肠阻塞感,依靠手助排便,每周大便少于3次。便秘包括3个亚型:结肠无力或慢传输便秘,正常传输型便秘,盆底或排便功能障碍。但实际上许多便秘患者不只属于一个亚型,还有的属于肠易激综合征便秘型。便秘的病因是多因素的,如饮食、药物、代谢和神经功能失调、社会心理问题等。便秘症状的种类和严重程度各不相同,诊断和治疗措施需要个体化。便秘大多由初级医生和胃肠病医生治疗,比较复杂的情况通常需要结直肠外科医生参与。要取得最佳的治疗效果经常需要多学科专家的协作。

【便秘的评价】


1.对便秘患者应当进行有针对性的病史询问和体格检查。推荐等级:1C(基于低或极低质量证据的强推荐)

2.一些行之有效的关于便秘特点、严重程度及对生活质量影响的评价方法可以作为便秘医学评估的一部分。推荐等级:2C(基于低或极低质量证据的弱推荐)

3.对于没有报警症状、不建议筛查或没有并存其他严重疾病的便秘病人通常不需要常规进行血液化验、放射检查或内镜检查。推荐等级:1C(基于低或极低质量证据的强推荐)

4.肛门直肠生理学和结肠传输功能检查可有助于发现潜在的病因,对顽固性便秘患者是有益的。推荐等级:1C(基于低质量证据的强推荐)

5.X线排粪造影、MRI排粪造影或经会阴超声排粪造影有助于发现与排便梗阻有关的解剖异常。推荐等级:1C(基于低质量证据的强推荐)

【便秘的非手术治疗】


1.便秘的初始治疗是饮食调节,包括纤维素和液体的补充。推荐等级:1B(基于中等质量证据的强推荐)

2.渗透性泻药如聚乙二醇和乳果糖适用于慢性便秘的治疗。推荐等级:1B(基于中等质量证据的强推荐)

3.刺激性泻药如比沙可啶,可以作为慢性便秘的二线用药短期应用。推荐等级:1B(基于中等质量证据的强推荐)

4.治疗便秘的一些新药,如鲁比前列酮(lubiprostone)和利那洛肽(linaclotide),在饮食调整、渗透性泻药和刺激性泻药治疗无效时可以考虑使用。推荐等级:2B(基于中等质量证据的弱推荐)

5.生物反馈疗法是有症状的盆底失调的一线治疗方法。推荐等级:1B(基于中等质量证据的强推荐)

【便秘的手术治疗】


1.顽固性结肠慢传输型便秘患者可以得益于结肠全切回肠直肠吻合术(TAC-IRA)。推荐等级:1C(基于低质量证据的强推荐)

2.合并有盆底出口梗阻或功能失调的顽固性结肠慢传输型便秘患者,应当根据症状采取个体化的治疗,但通常需要在TAC-IRA前先治疗盆底功能障碍。推荐等级:2C(基于低质量证据的弱推荐)

3.有明显出口梗阻症状的直肠前突患者,在检查其他并存的引起排便梗阻的功能性原因后,可以考虑手术修补。推荐等级:1B(基于中等质量证据的强推荐)

4.由于并发症发生率高,通常不推荐经直肠吻合器修补直肠前突和直肠内套叠。推荐等级:2B(基于中等质量证据的弱推荐)

5.排便梗阻症状严重的直肠内套叠患者,在非手术治疗失败时可以考虑手术修补。推荐等级:2C(基于低质量证据的弱推荐)

6.通过阑尾造口或盲肠造口顺行结肠灌肠,虽然不是经常选用,但对那些经过选择的、对治疗态度积极的顽固性慢性便秘患者可能是一种有效的方法。推荐等级:2C(基于低质量证据的弱推荐)

7.对于成功进行周围神经评价实验的慢性便秘患者,保守方法治疗无效时,骶神经调节可能是一种有效治疗方法。但是,这种方法目前尚未得到美国FDA批准。推荐等级:2B(基于中等质量证据的弱推荐)

8.通常不推荐做直肠全切除回肠储袋肛管吻合术(IPAA)。推荐等级:2C(基于低质量证据的弱推荐)

9.顽固性便秘患者,目前可选择的各种方法治疗失败,或不能采用其他方法时,应当考虑通过回肠造口或结肠造口作粪便转流。推荐等级:1C(基于低质量证据的强推荐)

作者简介:

符炜,徐医附院普外科,主任医师,副教授

徐医附院胃肠外科符炜主任医师治疗组近几年对慢性结肠传输功能障碍引起的便秘外科治疗取得一定的成效,较早的运用腹腔镜下改良Duhamel术式(金陵术),回肠逆袢直肠吻合术进行慢传输的大肠次全切除和肠管重建手术治疗,术后患者排便功能满意。

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    2016-09-13 quxin068
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1938596, encodeId=1632193859642, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c292818fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2818, encryptionId=1c292818fd, topicName=ASC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 04:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90477, encodeId=9cb7904e7e9, content=好文章,值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=161, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 18:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1555962, encodeId=eed0155596218, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=74fd528493' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5284, encryptionId=74fd528493, topicName=CRS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7a9414684887, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 08:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1614841, encodeId=05201614841bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=af2116063a2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16063, encryptionId=af2116063a2, topicName=SCR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=914b19549580, createdName=12498877m104暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 08:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90295, encodeId=f34a9029589, content=值得学习的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 01:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90057, encodeId=307b9005e71, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90058, encodeId=323990058a1, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-18 沉心多思

    好文章,值得学习

    0

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    2016-06-18 cathymary
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1938596, encodeId=1632193859642, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c292818fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2818, encryptionId=1c292818fd, topicName=ASC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 04:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90477, encodeId=9cb7904e7e9, content=好文章,值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=161, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 18:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1555962, encodeId=eed0155596218, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=74fd528493' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5284, encryptionId=74fd528493, topicName=CRS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7a9414684887, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 08:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1614841, encodeId=05201614841bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=af2116063a2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16063, encryptionId=af2116063a2, topicName=SCR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=914b19549580, createdName=12498877m104暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 08:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90295, encodeId=f34a9029589, content=值得学习的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 01:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90057, encodeId=307b9005e71, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90058, encodeId=323990058a1, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1938596, encodeId=1632193859642, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c292818fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2818, encryptionId=1c292818fd, topicName=ASC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 04:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90477, encodeId=9cb7904e7e9, content=好文章,值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=161, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 18:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1555962, encodeId=eed0155596218, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=74fd528493' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5284, encryptionId=74fd528493, topicName=CRS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7a9414684887, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 08:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1614841, encodeId=05201614841bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=af2116063a2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16063, encryptionId=af2116063a2, topicName=SCR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=914b19549580, createdName=12498877m104暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 08:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90295, encodeId=f34a9029589, content=值得学习的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 01:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90057, encodeId=307b9005e71, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90058, encodeId=323990058a1, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-18 jaysppr

    值得学习的文章

    0

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    2016-06-16 milkshark

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-06-16 milkshark

    这个不错

    0

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