Eur Heart J:不健康饮食、肥胖、糖尿病和心血管病是致命“四连环”!

2020-07-29 xujing 中国循环杂志

近日,欧洲心脏病杂志主编Thomas F Lüscher教授撰文介绍了几项研究,并称不健康饮食、肥胖、糖尿病和心血管病之间有致命性的“四连环”关系。

近日,欧洲心脏病杂志主编Thomas F Lüscher教授撰文介绍了几项研究,并称不健康饮食、肥胖、糖尿病血管病之间有致命性的“四连环”关系。

文章指出,近年来,越来越多的研究证实,机体代谢的遗传特性、微生物种群和饮食模式对心血管健康有极大的影响。

比如,有研究发现,胆固醇吸收有遗传变异性,影响着血液中非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和冠心病的风险。

英国一项前瞻性研究发现,多吃水果和蔬菜可降低13%的缺血性中风危险。

地中海饮食富含水果、蔬菜、橄榄油和鱼类。对于坚持地中海饮食的居民,研究发现他们体内多种代谢指标的变化均与心血管疾病发病风险降低有关。这些代谢特征也与脂肪酸和氨基酸代谢的基因位点有关。

如今,肥胖流行的原因与饮食、文化和遗传脱不了干系。

对于单纯饮食和生活方式改善对减肥无效的患者,外科减肥方案开始盛行。

研究显示,接受减肥手术的患者心血管不良事件风险降低了59%,主要是由于心肌梗死的减少,新发心力衰竭风险也降低了60%。

铁的摄入被证明会影响心血管健康。基础研究发现,铁具有促动脉粥样硬化作用。铁大量沉积在动脉介质中,与氧化应激和血管斑块形成相关

铁引发的脂质改变、血管通透性增加、内皮细胞活化、炎症介质升高和一氧化氮利用率降低,都会加剧动脉粥样硬化。

铁驱动的不稳定斑块的特点是胶原蛋白减少,脂肪含量增加,泡沫细胞形成和钙化。另一方面,低铁饮食或铁螯合疗法改善动脉粥样硬化。

但是限制铁摄入是否可预防铁摄入导致的血管功能障碍和动脉粥样硬化仍有待研究。

另一项研究发现,35岁以下的年轻糖尿病患者的心原性猝死风险比正常人高出8倍。这提示年轻糖尿病患者早期心血管风险评估的必要性。

原始出处:Thomas F Lüscher. Nutrition, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular outcomes: a deadly association.European Heart Journal, 2020, 41: 2603–2607.

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    2020-07-30 zhaojie88
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