厄贝沙坦、氯沙坦、缬沙坦...6大沙坦哪家强?

2022-06-10 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

厄贝沙坦、氯沙坦、缬沙坦...6大沙坦哪家强?

沙坦类降压药属于血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB),在高血压治疗中有着重要地位,既可以长效平稳降压,还具有降低尿蛋白、延缓肾脏损害,改善心肌功能等作用,是高血压伴有肾脏疾病、糖尿病、心脏病等并发症的首选降压药物之一,部分服用普利类减压药发生干咳的患者也会用沙坦类药物替换治疗。因此,沙坦类药物临床应用较为广泛。常见的ARB有六种:厄贝沙坦、氯沙坦、缬沙坦、替米沙坦、坎地沙坦酯、奥美沙坦酯。

1.上市时间及研发公司

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2.价格及规格

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注:价格参照康爱多网上药店

3.半衰期

不同沙坦类药物半衰期不同,药物的半衰期决定了患者每天需要服药的次数,半衰期越长,患者一天需要服药的次数就越少

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替米沙坦半衰期最长,能达到20-24小时,其次为奥美沙坦酯,半衰期为13小时。半衰期最短的是氯沙坦,大约只有6-9个小时,不一定能保证24小时平稳降压。

4.适应症及不足

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氯沙坦是世界上第一个沙坦类药物,兼有降尿酸作用,可降低痛风发作风险,因此高血压伴随高尿酸症首选氯沙坦。缺点是降压幅度不高,且吸收度不高,大概只有30%左右。价格是同类药物中较贵的,但由于其临床史长,医生对其各种情况更熟悉,因此仍广泛用于临床。

缬沙坦从降压幅度上讲,是沙坦类中较弱的,降压强度与氯沙坦差不多。缬沙坦是唯一拥有FDA批准的高血压、心衰及心梗后三个适应症的ARB,因此若患者有心脏病史,都会推荐使用缬沙坦。同时缬沙坦也是六种沙坦类唯一一款胶囊制剂,很多老人不愿意服用胶囊制剂,导致患者依从性较差,现已有分散片制剂,很好得解决了该问题。

厄贝沙坦降压幅度强,单药控制血压的达标率较高,吸收度高,约60-80%,药效持续时间长。我国食药监局批准厄贝沙坦为高血压伴2型糖尿病肾病的抗高血压药物,在国内的销量已经超过其他沙坦类,性价比最高。

替米沙坦最大的特点是降压幅度大,长效,半衰期大于20小时。优点在于FDA和我国食药监局批准了该药用于年龄55岁及以上、存在发生严重心血管事件高风险且不能接受血管紧张素转换酶ACE抑制剂治疗的患者,可以降低病人发生心肌梗死卒中或心血管疾病导致死亡的风险。由于替米沙坦强大降压作用,有些患者不得不改服半片,剩下的半片容易受潮而造成浪费。

坎地沙坦酯和奥美沙坦酯均为前体药物,在体内分别水解为坎地沙坦和奥美沙坦而发挥降压作用,降压幅度均与替米沙坦不相上下。坎地沙坦酯能减少肾脏尿蛋白,具有确切的肾脏保护作用,临床表明坎地沙坦酯片能在短时间内逆转左心室肥厚,减少心律失常的发生。奥美沙坦酯剂量小、起效快,半衰期长、降压作用强且持久,不良反应发生率低。

5.服用注意事项

缬沙坦进食后会导致药效吸收降低48%,因此要求空腹服药坎地沙坦可能引起低血糖,因此餐后服用。其他药物无特别用药时间规定。

6.合用注意事项

氯沙坦不要与利福平和氟康唑合用缬沙坦可升高地高辛的血药浓度,尽量不要合用厄贝沙坦与氯沙坦需要经CYP2C9酶代谢,避免与同样需要这种酶代谢的药物合用

所有沙坦类药物要避免与非甾体抗炎药、噻嗪类利尿药、保钾利尿药等合用,以避免药物发生相互作用,诱发危险。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2118429, encodeId=71e121184291c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9bb3691817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#厄贝沙坦#</a>、氯沙坦、缬沙坦、<a href='/topic/show?id=f34e60352cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#替米沙坦#</a>、坎地沙坦酯、<a href='/topic/show?id=5a92445e167' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#奥美沙坦#</a>酯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36918, encryptionId=f9bb3691817, topicName=厄贝沙坦), TopicDto(id=60352, encryptionId=f34e60352cb, topicName=替米沙坦), TopicDto(id=44571, encryptionId=5a92445e167, topicName=奥美沙坦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=循证小兵, createdTime=Thu Mar 09 04:44:05 CST 2023, time=2023-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1700940, encodeId=c0221e0094093, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=44d4641040e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氯沙坦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64104, encryptionId=44d4641040e, topicName=氯沙坦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8eef30296447, createdName=listen328, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 04:44:17 CST 2023, time=2023-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1242189, encodeId=55601242189bb, content=???复代文(缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪)、安博维(厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪),不都是和噻嗪类合用嘛,确定没写错?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b1786151678, createdName=抱抱努力中, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 00:30:46 CST 2022, time=2022-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1227344, encodeId=43a0122e3440e, content=氯沙坦利尿剂,经常联用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=06748208992, createdName=ms7000002067955148, createdTime=Sun Jun 19 12:47:50 CST 2022, time=2022-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1367699, encodeId=a429136e699ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9334e9305c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#缬沙坦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79305, encryptionId=9334e9305c7, topicName=缬沙坦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f73a255, createdName=medscijoin, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 05:44:17 CST 2022, time=2022-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-03-09 循证小兵 来自上海

    #厄贝沙坦#、氯沙坦、缬沙坦、#替米沙坦#、坎地沙坦酯、#奥美沙坦#

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2118429, encodeId=71e121184291c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9bb3691817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#厄贝沙坦#</a>、氯沙坦、缬沙坦、<a href='/topic/show?id=f34e60352cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#替米沙坦#</a>、坎地沙坦酯、<a href='/topic/show?id=5a92445e167' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#奥美沙坦#</a>酯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36918, encryptionId=f9bb3691817, topicName=厄贝沙坦), TopicDto(id=60352, encryptionId=f34e60352cb, topicName=替米沙坦), TopicDto(id=44571, encryptionId=5a92445e167, topicName=奥美沙坦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=循证小兵, createdTime=Thu Mar 09 04:44:05 CST 2023, time=2023-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1700940, encodeId=c0221e0094093, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=44d4641040e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氯沙坦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64104, encryptionId=44d4641040e, topicName=氯沙坦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8eef30296447, createdName=listen328, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 04:44:17 CST 2023, time=2023-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1242189, encodeId=55601242189bb, content=???复代文(缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪)、安博维(厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪),不都是和噻嗪类合用嘛,确定没写错?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b1786151678, createdName=抱抱努力中, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 00:30:46 CST 2022, time=2022-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1227344, encodeId=43a0122e3440e, content=氯沙坦利尿剂,经常联用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=06748208992, createdName=ms7000002067955148, createdTime=Sun Jun 19 12:47:50 CST 2022, time=2022-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1367699, encodeId=a429136e699ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9334e9305c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#缬沙坦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79305, encryptionId=9334e9305c7, topicName=缬沙坦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f73a255, createdName=medscijoin, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 05:44:17 CST 2022, time=2022-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2118429, encodeId=71e121184291c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9bb3691817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#厄贝沙坦#</a>、氯沙坦、缬沙坦、<a href='/topic/show?id=f34e60352cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#替米沙坦#</a>、坎地沙坦酯、<a href='/topic/show?id=5a92445e167' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#奥美沙坦#</a>酯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36918, encryptionId=f9bb3691817, topicName=厄贝沙坦), TopicDto(id=60352, encryptionId=f34e60352cb, topicName=替米沙坦), TopicDto(id=44571, encryptionId=5a92445e167, topicName=奥美沙坦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=循证小兵, createdTime=Thu Mar 09 04:44:05 CST 2023, time=2023-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1700940, encodeId=c0221e0094093, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=44d4641040e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氯沙坦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64104, encryptionId=44d4641040e, topicName=氯沙坦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8eef30296447, createdName=listen328, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 04:44:17 CST 2023, time=2023-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1242189, encodeId=55601242189bb, content=???复代文(缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪)、安博维(厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪),不都是和噻嗪类合用嘛,确定没写错?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b1786151678, createdName=抱抱努力中, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 00:30:46 CST 2022, time=2022-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1227344, encodeId=43a0122e3440e, content=氯沙坦利尿剂,经常联用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=06748208992, createdName=ms7000002067955148, createdTime=Sun Jun 19 12:47:50 CST 2022, time=2022-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1367699, encodeId=a429136e699ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9334e9305c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#缬沙坦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79305, encryptionId=9334e9305c7, topicName=缬沙坦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f73a255, createdName=medscijoin, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 05:44:17 CST 2022, time=2022-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-31 抱抱努力中

    ???复代文(缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪)、安博维(厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪),不都是和噻嗪类合用嘛,确定没写错?

    0

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    2022-06-19 ms7000002067955148

    氯沙坦利尿剂,经常联用。

    0

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