认识sFlt-1/PIGF临床应用问题 提高子痫前期管理水平

2019-01-16 MedSci MedSci原创

子痫前期(Preeclampsia, PE)是妊娠期特有的全身性多系统综合征,以血高压和蛋白尿为主要临床表现,患病率达2-8%,是孕产妇和胎儿死亡重要原因,约占孕产妇死亡原因的10~15%。

子痫前期(Preeclampsia, PE)是妊娠期特有的全身性多系统综合征,以血高压和蛋白尿为主要临床表现,患病率达2-8%,是孕产妇和胎儿死亡重要原因,约占孕产妇死亡原因的10~15%

近日,由中国优生科学协会主办的“2018围产医学学术论坛暨围产保健与优生学习班暨子痫前期标志物临床应用专题研讨会”在北京召开,首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院张为远教授主持会议,北京大学第三医院杨孜教授与深圳市妇幼保健院牛建民教授就血清标志物——可溶性fms样酪氨酸激酶-1(sFlt-1)及胎盘生长因子(PIGF)在子痫前期管理中的临床应用价值,以及相关临床研究和指南建议展开了深入的学术讨论与交流分享。

张为远教授表示:“子痫前期可视为众多母婴及后续健康威胁的‘源头’,对人类健康影响深远,医学学术研究价值不言而喻。目前,欧美发达国家已经将子痫前期列入重大慢性疾病风险防范的重要研究方向之一,我国也亟需加强对子痫前期管理的重视,积极推动血清标志物在子痫前期疾病管理的临床应用。”

血清标志物检测优化子痫前期管理

子痫前期的基本病理生理变化主要包括全身小血管痉挛、内皮损伤及局部缺血,继而可能导致全身各系统、脏器血液灌注减少,最常累及肾脏,可导致蛋白尿等肾功能损伤;还可能导致脑水肿、视力下降甚至失明、肝功异常、心肌缺血、心衰、胎儿窘迫及胎盘早剥等,对母胎造成严重伤害。因此,妊娠早期预测子痫前期的发生、识别高危患者,对于降低孕产妇不良结局有重要意义。

由于子痫前期的病因十分复杂,很大一部分子痫前期的发生、发展毫无征兆,且不同患者的临床表现、进展、结局各异,子痫前期的临床诊疗管理面临不小的挑战。有些数据显示,约有38%的子痫是突然发生的,患者之前并无高血压或蛋白尿的临床记录;此外,约有80%疑似子痫前期的孕妇并不会发展为子痫前期,杨孜教授指出:“子痫前期存在多因素发病异源性,存在多机制和多通路致病的异质性,多因素检测已成为未来发展的趋势。”近年来,多项研究证明了抗血管生成因子——sFlt-1和促血管生成因子——PlGF两项指标胎盘功能障碍密切相关,如何在临床更好的用于子痫前期的预测和辅助诊断还有待更多的研究和探讨。

PIGF主要生物学功能包括诱导血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移和激活,促使胎盘血管的生成,而sFlt-1有下调并抑制PIGF促进胎盘血管生长的生物活性。研究发现,sFlt-1PlGF浓度的改变明显早于子痫前期发病,且sFlt-1/PlGF比值可以更好地反映胎盘血管的生长情况。在评估蛋白尿和血压的基础上,联合检测sFlt-1/PlGF比值对子痫前期具有良好的预测价值和诊断指导意义。

多项权威指南认可:sFlt-1/PIGF检测指标助力子痫诊断与预测

2016年,《新英格兰医学杂志》发表的PROGNOSIS大型前瞻性多中心研究入组14个国家,共计1,273名疑似子痫前期的孕妇,对其短期内发生子痫前期、子痫和HELLP综合征风险进行评估,证实了测定sFlt-1/PlGF比值对于子痫前期的短期预测价值,同时推导并验证了单一临界值38在短期内排除子痫前期方面的重要价值。研究显示,sFlt-1/PlGF比值≤38排除1周内发生子痫前期,阴性预测值为99.3%;比值>38预测4周内会发生子痫前期,阳性预测值为36.7%,且其敏感性和特异性较高;此外,比值>38还与更短时间内分娩相关。

2016英国国家卫生与临床技术优化研究所(NICE)发布的指南明确推荐使用基于PlGF水平的检测用于子痫前期临床管理:通过Elecsys® 子痫前期检测sFlt-1/PlGF比值结合临床评估及后续随访,帮助排除妊娠2034+6周的疑似PE孕妇。德国、捷克、丹麦、新西兰等国的指南亦推荐将sFlt-1/PIGF比值作为子痫前期辅助诊断与短期预测手段,,

2018年最新发布的欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)妊娠期心血管疾病指南也建议,将sFlt-1/PIGF比值≤38用于排除临床子痫前期患者一周内子痫前期的发展;而2018年最新发布的《ISUOG实践指南:超声在子痫前期的筛查和随访中的作用》中建议,在孕11-13周时,联合母体因素、母体动脉血压、子宫动脉血流和PIGF水平,似乎是鉴定有PE风险的女性最有效的筛查模型。可见,PIGFsFlt-1/PIGF比值在孕早期筛查,孕中晚期辅助诊断预测子痫前期方面的重要临床价值已经得到了多国认可。

关于sFlt-1/PIGF比值的临床应用,可参考下图


作为目前唯一获得国家药品监督管理局注册许可的进口子痫前期检测产品,罗氏诊断Elecsys®子痫前期检测,囊括sFlt-1和PIGF两种血清蛋白的检测指标,全面覆盖整个孕期的风险评估、筛查、辅助诊断、治疗监测及短期预测不良结局,仅需18分钟就能得到结果,帮助临床尽早预知子痫前期的发生、优化子痫前期疾病管理。

随着sFlt-1/PlGF在临床预测、诊断中的价值日益凸显,其对子痫前期预防及临床治疗决策的影响也日益增加。《新英格兰医学杂志》于2017年发表的ASPRE研究结果显示,对妊娠早期子痫前期高危女性使用阿司匹林,能够显著降低妊娠中期/妊娠晚期子痫前期的发生率。“该研究为防治子痫前期开拓了新视野,也进一步证实了在妊娠20周前进行子痫前期风险评估可以更有针对性地指导阿司匹林用药,预防子痫前期。”牛建民教授指出,“此外, sFlt-1/PlGF比值测定还可以辅助指导住院及治疗决策,节约医疗费用。同时,及时协助临床做出终止妊娠决策,降低母体损伤,防止发生严重并发症,保证优生优育。”

 

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4.Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy, Recommended Procedures of the Czech Gynecological and Obstetrical Society and the J.E. Purkyně Czech Medical Association. Čes. Gynek. 2018;83:145–54

5.Dansk Selskab for Obstetrik og Gynækologi Guidelines 2018. Available at: http://www.dsog.dk/obstetrik/,

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7.Implementation of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio for prediction and diagnosis of pre-eclampsia insingleton pregnancy: implications for clinical practice Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 45: 241–246

implications for clinical practice Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 45: 241–246

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    2019-01-18 yahu
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    2019-01-16 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    好文,值得点赞!认真学习了,把经验应用于实践,为患者解除病痛。

    0

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