Cell:无间道!包庇癌细胞的它,竟能变成抗癌斗士?

2017-06-19 药明康德 学术经纬

最近,匹兹堡大学(University of Pittsburgh)的研究人员发现了一个可充分释放免疫疗法药物抗癌潜力的线索。这项在《细胞》杂志上发表的工作显示,靶向调节性T细胞(Treg)可能是治疗癌症的有效方法。文章同时还揭示了目前免疫疗法药物的一种重要作用机制,并提供了使其变得更有效的思路。

最近,匹兹堡大学(University of Pittsburgh)的研究人员发现了一个可充分释放免疫疗法药物抗癌潜力的线索。这项在《细胞》杂志上发表的工作显示,靶向调节性T细胞(Treg)可能是治疗癌症的有效方法。文章同时还揭示了目前免疫疗法药物的一种重要作用机制,并提供了使其变得更有效的思路。

Tregs的作用在于使我们的免疫系统保持微妙的平衡。“它们的行为就像一个调光开关,一方面足以发现和消除威胁的光亮,另一方面又避免让自身的细胞受到伤害,”文章通讯作者Dario Vignali教授说道:“在癌症中,Treg可能是有害的,因为它们让光线过暗,使得免疫系统难以检测到和杀死癌细胞。尽管通过药物清除Treg似乎是一种合乎逻辑的治疗方法,但这可能导致危及生命的自身免疫并发症,使其不可适用于癌症患者。因此,我们需要找到选择性靶向肿瘤中的Treg的方法,而不去影响到在肿瘤之外的Treg。”


▲文章通讯作者Dario Vignali教授(图片来源:匹兹堡大学)

几年前,Dario Vignali教授和他的同事们已经发现,在几乎所有浸润小鼠肿瘤的Treg上,都表达有Nrp1这一细胞表面蛋白,其对在恶劣的肿瘤微环境中Treg的功能维持、完整性和存活都是必需的。因此,Tregs上的Nrp1会抑制人体的天然抗肿瘤免疫反应,从而有利于肿瘤存活。重要的是,在小鼠体内的Tregs中阻断或敲除Nrp1仅会影响其在肿瘤中的功能,而不影响在正常组织中的作用,因此可清除肿瘤而不引起自身免疫性或炎症性疾病。

“我们在本研究中发现,在小鼠中,Tregs的Nrp1表达是其具有防止免疫系统清除肿瘤的能力的必要条件。有趣的是,当Tregs失去Nrp1时,它们不仅不能进行免疫抑制,反会成为抗肿瘤免疫反应的积极参与者,”Dario Vignali教授说:“我们还发现,在预后不佳的癌症患者体内,Treg中表达Nrp1的亚群比例明显偏高,从而提示这些发现可能也适用于人类。”


▲Treg的免疫抑制机制(图片来源:NIH)

研究小组构建了一种转基因小鼠黑色素瘤模型,其中Nrp1基因仅在一半的Treg细胞中被敲除,而在另一半中被保留。他们发现,与所有Tregs中均表达Nrp1的正常小鼠相比,该模型的肿瘤生长显着降低。

“不表达Nrp1的Tregs不仅‘降低光亮’的能力下降,还可以防止正常的Treg发挥免疫抑制功能,这样可以促使免疫系统发现并攻击肿瘤,”文章第一作者Abigail E. Overacre说。基因组和细胞分析显示,缺失Nrp1的Tregs会大量分泌干扰素-γ(IFNγ),后者选择性地在肿瘤中阻断Tregs的“调光开关”功能。


▲正常(左)与Nrp1敲除(右)Treg比较(图片来源:《细胞》)

进一步研究显示,IFNγ对Treg功能的抑制作用对抗PD1免疫疗法的成功是至关重要的。“虽然我们开始认为,IFNγ可能会影响Treg的功能,从而影响免疫疗法的效果,但其影响程度最终真的大到让我们感到惊讶。当我们敲除Tregs中IFNγ受体的基因,使它们不再对IFNγ敏感,免疫疗法药物这时就完全没有效果,”Dario Vignali教授说:“事实上,IFNγ似乎使得Tregs变得脆弱,从而失去了免疫抑制功能,但这仅是在肿瘤中(与缺氧诱导因子HIF1α有关)。因此,削弱Treg或是有效实施免疫疗法的关键要求。”

如果我们能够使一部分肿瘤相关Tregs丧失免疫抑制功能,比如通过使用IFNγ,可能足以引发连锁反应,让这些细胞影响其他肿瘤相关Treg,从而促进抗肿瘤免疫反应,而不会引起不良的自身免疫性副作用。另一方面,Treg的功能脆弱性也许可成为监测免疫疗法是否对患者有效的重要指标。

原始出处:

Abigail E. Overacre-Delgoffe, Maria Chikina et al.Interferon-γ Drives Treg Fragility to Promote Anti-tumor Immunity.Cell. 1 June 2017. p1130–1141.e11

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    2018-04-20 维他命
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    2017-06-21 yxch36
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960274, encodeId=84c719602e4c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Fri Apr 20 04:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870015, encodeId=918c18e001568, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri May 18 06:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252273, encodeId=2ba312522e397, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 02:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213070, encodeId=b4dc2130e08f, content=好文,值得点赞!认真学习,应用于实践!谢谢分享给广大同好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Jun 20 10:05:28 CST 2017, time=2017-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212989, encodeId=9d5d21298917, content=很有意思的研究,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRl88IIG7mnPw9aCyiclFjtObkW7hiaPluxVnP8W0L50Zk28TB6bOUvDAyD1p9jfvTD8fLIANPtx1tK/0, createdBy=0b0779675, createdName=jet747, createdTime=Tue Jun 20 06:53:55 CST 2017, time=2017-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-20 ylzr123

    好文,值得点赞!认真学习,应用于实践!谢谢分享给广大同好!

    0

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    2017-06-20 jet747

    很有意思的研究,学习了

    0

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调节性T细胞(Treg)是一类表达FoxP3以及CD25的T细胞亚群,这类细胞对于免疫调节以及耐受反应具有重要的作用,另外,这类细胞在癌症组织中含量较高。Treg细胞能够通过分泌多种可溶性的细胞因子,例如TGF-b,以及表达一些细胞膜抑制性的受体,例如CTLA4等等起到抑制NK细胞以及效应T细胞的抗肿瘤活性的作用。Treg在肿瘤组织

Cancer Res:一种新型癌症靶点有望被开发,展现治疗希望

美国南卡罗莱纳医科大学的研究人员最近设计了一种以抗体为基础的治疗方法能够靶向引起癌症的TGFβ。 TGFβ是一种细胞因子既可以调节细胞周期也可以被调节Τ细胞(Treg)当作一种信号用以告诉免疫细胞不要攻击正常细胞。TGFβ也是一个得到广泛研究的癌症细胞因子,恶性肿瘤会释放大量TGFβ帮助癌细胞快速分裂同时借助Treg抑制免疫细胞对癌细胞的杀伤。但是由于正常细胞不能缺少TGFβ,因此很难设

Nature:Treg细胞与代谢适应性有关

表达Foxp3的“调控性T细胞”(Treg) 在免疫耐受和动态平衡中起中心作用。在这项研究中,Hongbo Chi及其同事发现,mTORC1依赖型胆固醇生物合成对于Treg功能很重要,部分通过增加Treg“效应子”分子CTLA4 和ICOS发挥作用。这一发现说明,在免疫信号与细胞的代谢状态之间存在一个联系。 Zeng H, Yang K, Cloer C, Neale G, Vogel P,

SCI REP:Treg和Th17增多与烟雾病的发病机理相关

目前已经证实免疫炎症在烟雾病(MMD)的发病机理中起关键作用。然而,循环的Treg / Th17细胞MMD患者中,如何参与并导致该疾病发生,仍然不清楚。我们的研究结果表明循环的Treg参与了MMD的发病机制,并且是重要的因素。

Nat Immuno:PI3K 信号通路控制调节性T细胞种群

Foxp3阳性的调节性体细胞(Treg, regulatory T cells)在维持机体免疫系统功能平衡重具有至关重要的作用。传统T细胞(Tconv, conventional T cells)和调节性T细胞之间的一项显着差别就是PI3K信号通路的活性。静息态的T细胞中PI3K信号通路由负调控因子PTEN抑制,不会被激活,而当Tconv细胞被激活时PTEN的活性会被下调,但是Treg细胞不会。由

J Immunol:调节性T细胞缺失引发小鼠Th2型自身免疫胃炎

免疫系统最重要的功能之一就是区分自我与非我,从而在抵抗外界侵染的同时避免对自身组织的误伤。T细胞免疫耐受从胸腺发起,主要由外周的淋巴结组织发挥功能,其中T细胞的删除、免疫耐受以及调节性T细胞共同作用保证体内免疫稳态。 自身免疫性胃炎(AIG)是一类以自身抗体分泌增多为症状之一的胃病。患有此病的患者常常会恶化导致胃癌的发生。 此前对于AIG的研究重要集中在Treg以及免疫耐受方面,其中一个经典的