JCI Insight:颠覆!抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)或可导致肾小动脉向心性肥大

2022-01-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肾素细胞是发生动脉病变的必要条件。评估整合素β1表达调节是否可以预防这种和其他血管疾病将变得十分有趣。

全球超过10亿人受到高血压的影响,它是心血管疾病、卒中、终末期肾病和死亡的主要危险因素。伴随器官损伤的血管肥大是一种严重的疾病,通常与严重的慢性高血压有关。肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)抑制剂被广泛用于治疗高血压。有趣的是,RAS基因的缺失引起的动脉表型改变与在未受控制的高血压患者中观察到的动脉表型无法进行区分。两种血压水平相反的疾病为何会产生相似的动脉表型令人十分费解。在这两种疾病下,导致动脉疾病的潜在事件都是明确的。

研究人员注意到,哺乳动物中RAS基因的实验性或自发突变或采用肾素-血管紧张素抑制剂(RASi)治疗会导致肾小动脉壁内肾素表型重编程的细胞增加。这些结果表明肾素细胞参与了血管疾病的发病机制。研究人员使用携带荧光细胞谱系示踪剂、单细胞RNA-Seq和对小鼠和人类RAS的长期抑制的转基因小鼠,旨在评估(a)肾素细胞是否直接参与动脉疾病,(b)肾素细胞在动脉病理学机制的演变过程中是否改变了它们的身份并进行了转化,(c)肾素细胞是否合成了改变导致动脉疾病的细胞外环境组成因子,以及(d)在采用RAS抑制剂治疗的人类中是否观察到类似的动脉疾病。

通过实验,研究人员发现肾素基因消融可导致多克隆向心性小动脉肥大。肾素基因缺失导致传入小动脉和小叶间动脉进行性增厚。没法合成肾素的细胞中缺乏整合素β1可改善传入小动脉的肥大进程。此外,长期抑制RAS可诱导小鼠小动脉肥大。肾素基因的缺失导致肾素无法合成的细胞强烈激活,促进小动脉肥大。鉴于研究人员基因缺失的研究结果,他们进一步探究了接受长期药理抑制RAS的动物也会表现出肾素细胞的慢性活化和小动脉肥大的病理变化。

最后,在患者人体试验中,研究人员也证实长期抑制RAS会导致小动脉肥大。然后,研究人员分析了抑制RAS对机体肾素细胞活化的影响。研究人员对先前的肾活检样本进行重新评估,这些样本来自(a)6名接受RAS抑制治疗超过5年的良性肾硬化患者以及(b)6名从未接受过RAS抑制治疗的年龄匹配的良性肾硬化患者,以及(c)4名健康对照者。

在本研究中,长期接受RAS抑制剂治疗和未接受RAS抑制剂治疗的良性肾硬化患者肾功能、尿蛋白和血压水平没有差异。与健康对照组和未接受RAS抑制剂治疗的肾硬化患者相比,长期接受RAS抑制剂治疗的患者肾小动脉壁明显增厚(对照组为6.55 ± 0.73 μm,未接受RAS抑制剂治疗组为8.54 ± 1.71 μm,而长期接受RAS抑制剂治疗组为12.46 ± 1.86 μm,P<0.001)。为了评估肾素细胞是否与人类小动脉肥大有关,研究人员对来自上述相同患者的肾脏切片中的肾素进行了免疫组织化学染色。研究人员发现长期接受RAS抑制剂治疗后肾素阳性面积显著增加(对照组为307.3 ± 74.7 μm2,未接受RAS抑制剂治疗组为677.8 ± 313.4 μm2,而长期接受RAS抑制剂治疗组为1347 ± 529.9 μm2,P = 0.003)。

目前的研究表明,在小鼠和人类中,肾素的缺失或RAS抑制会导致肾内动脉和小动脉发生向心性增厚。这种严重的疾病是由肾素细胞从经典内分泌表型到侵袭性基质分泌表型的多克隆扩增和转化所导致的,主要通过细胞围绕并侵入血管壁并刺激相邻SMC的积累,导致血流阻塞,局部缺血和纤维化。通过长期条件性缺失β1整合素来消融肾素细胞可预防小动脉疾病,这表明肾素细胞对小动脉肥大负有全部责任。在4个月大的小鼠中,肾素谱系细胞的数量显著减少,这与Itgb1在预防肾素谱系细胞中的失巢凋亡和凋亡中的已知作用相一致。当使用经过基因工程改造以消融肾素细胞时,获得了类似的结果。

因此,肾素细胞是发生动脉病变的必要条件。评估整合素β1表达调节是否可以预防这种和其他血管疾病将变得十分有趣

原始出处:

Hirofumi Watanabe,et al.Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system causes concentric hypertrophy of renal arterioles in mice and humans.JCI insight.2021.https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/154337

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    2022-01-16 ms6000000656440728

    如何是好?

    0

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    2022-01-16 ms4000001513304915

    学习#学习#

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