PNAS:当癌症来敲门,结构生物学不是稻草而是救生器材

2017-05-27 李华芸 生物通

癌症降临,身体中的许多细胞都已经出现了问题。找出癌症的关键,才能捋清事实,指引出路。基因开关正是这团乱麻般的细胞变异的核心。“人类许多疾病的产生都是由于基因开关发生了故障,”加州理工大学传统医学研究所研究员André Hoelz说。“在原子层面阐明它们的工作机理,才能让我们看清如何定制药物可使它们失活,在许多情况下,这是走向治愈的关键步骤。”急性髓系白血病(AML)是一种极具攻击性的癌症,有一个基

癌症降临,身体中的许多细胞都已经出现了问题。找出癌症的关键,才能捋清事实,指引出路。

基因开关正是这团乱麻般的细胞变异的核心。

“人类许多疾病的产生都是由于基因开关发生了故障,”加州理工大学传统医学研究所研究员André Hoelz说。“在原子层面阐明它们的工作机理,才能让我们看清如何定制药物可使它们失活,在许多情况下,这是走向治愈的关键步骤。”

急性髓系白血病(AML)是一种极具攻击性的癌症,有一个基因把控着红细胞和白细胞的生产,一旦造血干细胞的这个基因变异,血细胞们便会走上邪路。

Hoelz说:“我们的身体有一系列复杂的基因开关,指导造血干细胞分化成多种不同的细胞类型,提供各种不同的功能。当这些细胞的大限已至,就需要更换,有点像汽车的轮胎更换。”

加州理工大学和迈阿密大学西尔维斯特癌症中心的研究人员发现,有一种蛋白可以控制造血干细胞分化基因的开合。在健康人体内,这种蛋白叫“双植物同源结构域指蛋白(double plant homeodomain finger 2,DPF2)”,它能阻止红细胞和白细胞的不必要生产。AML患者的DPF2蛋白却经常过量生产,导致成熟的血细胞和白细胞的生产不足,导致患者预后较差。

5月22日美国《PNAS》杂志报道了一项阻止DPF2过量生产的新方法,可是AML更容易治愈。研究人员更新了DPF2的新结构,并且细化了与功能有关的片段细节。

为了探讨DPF2蛋白控制基因的方式和手段,本文一作、加州理工大学的在读研究生Ferdinand Huber和Andrew Davenport首先从DPF2蛋白质的部分结晶中解析了一个名为“植物同源结构域指(PHD finger)”的结构域。然后,他们使用X射线晶体学(将蛋白质晶体暴露在高能X-射线中)来解决PHD指的精细解析。这项实验借助了“斯坦福同步辐射光源(Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource)”的场地,使用的是加州理工大学分子了望台提供的光束线。



结果显示,DPF2与DNA-蛋白质复合体(核小体)结合,阻止了白细胞和红细胞的生产。该蛋白采用适合于核小体复合体上各类修饰的形状,读取了核小体表面的各种信号。一旦DPF2接触相关DNA位点,便会关闭这些基因的转录。

剩下的有关临床治疗潜力研究则交由本文共同一作Sarah Greenblatt的实验室来完成。利用Hoelz实验室得到的蛋白质结构信息,Greenblatt构建了一个突变版本的DPF2蛋白,体外实验和动物实验表明,这种蛋白无法与核小体结合,也不能关闭造血细胞的生产工作。

虽然改造后的DPF2蛋白是否能用于血癌患者,并挽救他们的生命,目前仍不好说。但是DPF2蛋白结构的成功解析,为科研工作者们提供了确切的靶向候选药物选择。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1856011, encodeId=e4791856011c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu May 10 07:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617820, encodeId=9387161e82002, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun May 28 23:50:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203735, encodeId=840e203e35cb, content=不错的文章,值得推荐一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Sun May 28 23:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203201, encodeId=fb9120320195, content=学习了,又涨知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sat May 27 11:19:53 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203185, encodeId=8a9e203185f0, content=努力学习!有用的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat May 27 10:09:29 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203162, encodeId=49d820316224, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Sat May 27 09:38:37 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203154, encodeId=a640203154d8, content=是的。这个说法我还是比较赞同, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Sat May 27 09:00:59 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-10 drwjr
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1856011, encodeId=e4791856011c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu May 10 07:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617820, encodeId=9387161e82002, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun May 28 23:50:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203735, encodeId=840e203e35cb, content=不错的文章,值得推荐一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Sun May 28 23:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203201, encodeId=fb9120320195, content=学习了,又涨知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sat May 27 11:19:53 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203185, encodeId=8a9e203185f0, content=努力学习!有用的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat May 27 10:09:29 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203162, encodeId=49d820316224, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Sat May 27 09:38:37 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203154, encodeId=a640203154d8, content=是的。这个说法我还是比较赞同, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Sat May 27 09:00:59 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2017-05-28 131****2916

    不错的文章,值得推荐一下

    0

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    2017-05-27 明天会更好!

    学习了,又涨知识了!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1856011, encodeId=e4791856011c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu May 10 07:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617820, encodeId=9387161e82002, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun May 28 23:50:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203735, encodeId=840e203e35cb, content=不错的文章,值得推荐一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Sun May 28 23:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203201, encodeId=fb9120320195, content=学习了,又涨知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sat May 27 11:19:53 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203185, encodeId=8a9e203185f0, content=努力学习!有用的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat May 27 10:09:29 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203162, encodeId=49d820316224, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Sat May 27 09:38:37 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203154, encodeId=a640203154d8, content=是的。这个说法我还是比较赞同, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Sat May 27 09:00:59 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-27 忠诚向上

    努力学习!有用的

    0

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    2017-05-27 半夏微凉

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1856011, encodeId=e4791856011c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu May 10 07:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617820, encodeId=9387161e82002, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun May 28 23:50:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203735, encodeId=840e203e35cb, content=不错的文章,值得推荐一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Sun May 28 23:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203201, encodeId=fb9120320195, content=学习了,又涨知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sat May 27 11:19:53 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203185, encodeId=8a9e203185f0, content=努力学习!有用的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat May 27 10:09:29 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203162, encodeId=49d820316224, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Sat May 27 09:38:37 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203154, encodeId=a640203154d8, content=是的。这个说法我还是比较赞同, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Sat May 27 09:00:59 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-27 131****2916

    是的。这个说法我还是比较赞同

    0

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