专家谈英译汉技巧

2010-07-03 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

专家谈英译汉技巧 1.改变词类Conversion。英语一个词能充当的句子成分较少,充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。Insulin is used  in the treatment of diabetes.This issue is of paramount importance.Rationing  by points is over and rationing by the purse i

专家谈英译汉技巧

1.改变词类Conversion。英语一个词能充当的句子成分较少,充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。
Insulin is used  in the treatment of diabetes.
This issue is of paramount importance.
Rationing  by points is over and rationing by the purse is in.
Oceanography has  been defined as ″The application of all sciences to the study of the  sea″. 1990. 1 

2. 选词用字Diction。
Before Hugo could protest he and the others were  led away. (抗议-分辩)
Put a teaspoonful of tea in the pot and then you  just add the boiling water to it and let it stand. (稍等片刻再喝)
Its a  crime you didnt finish school. (憾事)

3.词序调整Inversion。一个句子中词和分句的顺序,英汉两种语言往往不同。如表示时间和地点,英语常常是先小后大,而汉语是先大后小。
His  address is 3612 Market Street Philadelphia PA 19001 USA.
Dont  hesitate to come when you need help.
black and white TV iron and  steel company

4.省略Omission。
You cannot build a ship a bridge or a house if you  dont know how to make a design or how to read it.
It took him a long  time to reach the bottom and to couch behind a little dwarf palm. 

5.增词Amplification。英语中没有量词,助词,翻译时应根据上下文的需要予以增加。有些英语的不及物动词必须增加宾语意思才完整。
I  could knit when I was seven.
Without a sense of your fault how can  repentance and amendment be expected﹖ 如果
Walking past the Garden of  Eden Adams son asked his father ″Who owns that large estate﹖″
″ Thats where your mother and I used to live″ replied Adam ″before she  ate us out of house and home.″

6.重复Repetition。
Practically every river has an upper a middle and  a lower part. 上游,中游,下游
If an atom contains three protons it must  have three electrons to be electrically neutral.

7.正译反译法Negation 
The Organization has not so far justified the  hopes which the people set on it. (辜负)
Suddenly he heard a sound  behind him and realized he was not alone in the garage. (还有别人)
If a  patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment it is not  uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. 1993.  1 

8.分译法Division 。英语长句多,为了符合汉语表达习惯,可将英语长句拆成短句。
It was a real  challenge that those who had learned from us now excelled us. 
It has  been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international  security.
Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public  in clothes that are out of fashion they are always taken advantage of  by the designers and the big stores. 1993. 6 

9.常见短语和重要句型的翻译
1)It goes without saying that…不言而喻的是……
2)It is  common knowledge that…众所周知的是……
3)It occurs to me that…我突然想起
4)It  is not that...but that…并不是说……而是说
5)某些含蓄否定的翻译 
Plants which refine  crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the  crude ores are mined.  提炼矿石的工厂通常不是设在开采矿石的国家,而是设在其它国家。
6)more...than... 与其说……不如说……
She is more like his mother than like his teacher.
7)no  more...than...和……一样都不
There is no reason they should limit how much  vitamin you take any more than they can limit how much water you drink.  他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素,就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。
8)not...all... all is...not...并不是……都……
All that glitters is not gold.
Both of the books are not  helpful. 
Everyone doesnt want to go to the concert.
9)cannot...too... 无论……也不过分
We cant praise him too much.
10)much less still less to  say nothing of not to mention let alone更不用说
He knows little of  mathematics and still less of chemistry.
In old China there was  hardly any machine-building industry to say nothing of an electronic  industry.
All they have to do is to press a button and they can see  plays films operas and shows of every kind not to mention political  discussions and the latest exciting football match.
11)so...that...如此……以至于
And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling  and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological  disorder-kitchen rage.  
12  not so much...as...与其说……不如说……
Science  moves forward they say not so much through the insights of great men  of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques  and tools.  
13)not...because...(否定转移)并不是因为……
The police didnt  arrest me because I committed any crime. They said I was wandering on  the street with the intent of committing an arrestable offense.
14   anything...but...一点也不,决不 nothing...but...就是,仅仅,but for...要不是……
The  method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the  necessary mode of working of the human mind it is simply the mode by  which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact  explanations. 
Alone in a deserted house he was so busy with his  research work that he felt anything but lonely.  
But for your timely  help we couldnt have finished the work on time.
15)as特殊状语从句,译为定语从句
″In  short″ a leader of the new school contends ″the scientific  revolution as we call it was largely the improvement and invention and  use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in  innumerable directions.″  
16  what is called...所谓的,所说的……(东西)
One  difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science  continues to trace behavior to states of mind feelings traits of  character human nature and so on.  
17)such...as...诸如……
Whether  to use tests other kinds of information or both in a particular  situation depends therefore upon the evidence from experience  concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and  availability.  
18)not...not...双重否定,可依情况译为没有……不……,或每一个……,都……

10.注意英语惯用法,俚语和俗语的翻译。
Mr. Wilson talks a lot but Mrs. Wilson wears  the trousers in their house.
It seems to me what is sauce for the  goose is sauce for the gander公鹅 .
I hope she will always feel like a  daughter of America and not like a stepchild.
Its a lot easier to  get in the hole than to get out again.

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