AP&T: 女性和男性结肠腺瘤切除后的长期结直肠癌发病率和死亡率存在差异

2022-02-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

结肠癌是常见的发生于结肠部位的消化道恶性肿瘤,好发于直肠与乙状结肠交界处,以40~50岁年龄组发病率最高,男女之比为2~3:1。

      结直肠癌是全球第三大最常见的恶性肿瘤,也是癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。为了尽早发现肿瘤的存在,大便潜血检查 (FOBT)、乙状结肠镜或结肠镜检查已在许多国家被推荐最为早筛工具。筛查的目的是通过切除结肠腺瘤来降低结肠癌的发病率,并通过降低发病率和早期发现癌症来降低癌症死亡率。之前的研究表明,与普通人群相比,切除低风险腺瘤的个体患结直肠癌的风险较低,但是也有越来越多的证据表明,内窥镜筛查对女性的益处可能低于男性。因此,本项研究旨在探究女性和男性结肠腺瘤切除后结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率的差异。

 

      为了完成本项研究,研究人员收集了 1993 年至 2007 年挪威全国因行结肠镜检查切除腺瘤的所有患者,并随访至 2018 年。然后在女性和男性中计算了结直肠癌的标准化发病率 (SIR) 和基于发病率的死亡率 (SMR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)并进行比较。同时,研究人员将高危腺瘤定义为≥2个腺瘤、绒毛成分或高度不典型增生等。

 

      本研究队列总共包括 40293人。在 13.0 年的中位随访期间,1079 名女性(5.5%)和 866 名男性(4.2%)患上了结直肠癌;328 名女性(1.7%)和 275 名男性(1.3%)死于结直肠癌。女性的结直肠癌发病率(SIR 1.64, 95% CI 1.54-1.74)高于男性(SIR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.19)。女性结直肠癌死亡率在切除腺瘤后存在增加危险(SMR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.26),而男性的风险则会降低(SMR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.89)。患有高危腺瘤的女性结直肠癌死亡风险明显增加(SMR 1.37,95% CI 1.19-1.57);患有低风险腺瘤的女性 (SMR 0.90, 95% CI 0.76-1.07) 和患有高危腺瘤的男性则具有相似的风险 (SMR 0.89, 95% CI 0.76-1.04),而患有低风险腺瘤的男性发生结直肠癌死亡的风险则会降低(SMR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59-0.84)。

图:结肠癌发生率

 

      本项研究证实与一般女性和男性人群相比,切除腺瘤后,女性患结直肠癌的风险增加,而男性的风险降低。因此,临床医生应考虑腺瘤切除后的性别特异性监测。

 

 

原始出处:

Henriette C. Jodal. Et al. Long-term colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after adenoma removal in women and men. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2022.

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    2022-02-16 我不是针对谁

    到底怎么才可以赚到积分

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