AJRCCM:血浆蛋白质组研究肺动脉高压的分子新发现

2022-04-11 刘少飞 MedSci原创

肺动脉高压 (PAH) 的特征是肺动脉和小动脉的结构重塑。潜在的生物过程可能反映在循环蛋白质的扰动中。目的:利用遗传遗传变异量化和分析 PAH 患者的血浆蛋白质组,以了解潜在的分子驱动因素。

肺动脉高压(PAH)是一种罕见的疾病,其特点是血管活性因子不平衡、炎症和细胞生长紊乱,导致肺动脉和动脉血管的结构重塑,肺血流阻力增加,并因右心衰竭而过早死亡。在病人登记处和国家审计数据库中,大约30-50%的PAH被归类为特发性、可遗传性或药物引起的,该组的年死亡率平均为10%。尽管在组织学检查中,血管病理学有共同的特点,但有证据表明,在这个病人亚组中存在着异质性,这体现在个人对特定药物的反应上,例如对钙离子拮抗剂的反应,以及新出现的潜在遗传结构。更好地了解PAH的分子驱动因素将有利于目前疗法的使用和新型药物的开发。

循环蛋白质组是由全身组织和细胞合成的蛋白质的流入和流出的动态组合,处于平衡状态。它包括非相邻的细胞-细胞和器官-器官的通讯、免疫反应、血管张力、组织修复和液体或营养交换的媒介。循环蛋白组的不平衡是疾病的早期标志,在PAH患者中可以检测到,因此,血浆蛋白水平的变化可以用来探索疾病的分子驱动因素。血浆蛋白水平的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)已经确定了常见的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)导致的变化,建立了蛋白定量性状位点(pQTL)。对pQTL的孟德尔随机化(MR)分析是推断蛋白质水平变化和疾病之间因果关系的有力策略,特别是当pQTL位于编码基因附近时(顺式)。

在此,我们对多中心队列研究中招募的特发性和遗传性PAH患者的血浆蛋白组进行了全面调查。在一项多中心队列研究中招募的特发性和遗传性PAH患者的血浆蛋白组进行全面调查。从4,152个被注释的 蛋白质中,我们选择了那些循环水平能将PAH患者与健康对照组有力区分开来的蛋白质。健康对照组,并且其水平与长期生存有关。通过三角测量 这些数据与顺式QTL的关系,我们发现了两个蛋白质,即netrin-4和thrombospondin-2。基于MR分析,它们与PAH有因果关系。

研究方法:使用基于适配体的测定法测量 357 名特发性或遗传性 PAH 患者、103 名健康志愿者和 23 名 PAH 患者亲属的血浆蛋白。在发现和验证的临床队列中(图1),比较了 PAH 和健康个体的血浆蛋白质组,并确定了 PAH 与无移植存活率的关系。为了检查与 PAH 的因果关系,影响患者群体蛋白质水平的蛋白质数量性状基因座 (pQTL) 被用作孟德尔随机化 (MR) 分析的工具。

图1:导致孟德尔随机化(MR)研究的蛋白质组学和基因组学分析工作流程。

测量和主要结果:从 4,152 种带注释的血浆蛋白中,208 种 PAH 患者和健康受试者的水平不同,49 种预测长期生存(图2)。基于 cis-pQTL 位于编码基因附近的 MR 预测和区分 PAH 与健康的蛋白质的编码基因估计对更高水平的 netrin-4 有不利影响和更高水平的血小板反应蛋白-2 对 PAH 的保护作用。这两种蛋白质都追踪了以前健康亲属中 PAH 的发展以及与疾病发作时肺动脉压相关的血小板反应蛋白 2 的变化。

图2:与健康对照组相比,蛋白质与PAH的关联。一个火山图 代表208个独立的蛋白质,在发现和验证队列分析中都符合FDR(q<0.05,蓝点)。在校正了肾功能或抗生素后,依赖性蛋白不再有关联。纠正了肾功能或抗凝血治疗后,依赖性蛋白不再相关。选定的 "蛋白质强调了PAH病理学中感兴趣的蛋白质,这些蛋白质也 符合 "独立 "标准。

图3:维恩图显示区分PAH患者和健康对照对象的蛋白质、与PAH预后相关的蛋白质和孟德尔随机化研究的蛋白质工具之间的重叠。

图4:人类IPAH肺部的Netrin-4蛋白表达增加。

图5:(A-B)血栓软骨素-2(TSP2)和netrin-4(NET4)的血浆水平。与那些保持健康的亲属(n=15)相比,血浆中的血栓软骨素-2(TSP2)和网状蛋白-4(NET4)水平。(C) 从首次就诊到诊断性就诊的蛋白水平变化与平均肺动脉压(m 诊断性导管检查时测量的肺动脉压力(mPAP)的关系。

本研究对PAH领域的贡献是什么?

据我们所知,这项研究首次提供了 蛋白质组和基因组数据的全面整合,包括特发性或遗传性PAH患者。我们有力地鉴定了患者和对照组之间不同的血浆蛋白,以及与预后相关的血浆蛋白。以及与英国多中心PAH队列研究中的预后相关的血浆蛋白。赋予这些蛋白终身较高或较低的血浆水平的常见遗传变体 作为孟德尔随机化分析的工具,推断出与PAH有因果关系的蛋白质,与PAH的因果关系。研究结果表明,管理PAH的治疗方法 应考虑抑制netrin-4的活性,但支持和加强血栓软骨素-2(TSP2)的活性。

 

参考文献:

Harbaum L. Mining the Plasma Proteome for Insights into the Molecular Pathology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Apr 8. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2106OC. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35394406.

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    2022-09-17 isabellayj
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