Lancet infect dis:动物饲养滥用抗生素后果已现:中国出现超级耐药细菌

2015-11-26 佚名 生物谷

多粘菌素目前仍是抗击革兰氏阴性菌的最后一道防线。如今,研究者们在中国的肉类食品样本以及住院的部分患者体内发现了一种能够抵抗这一药物的基因。更加令人恐慌的是,这一类基因存在于细菌的质粒中,可以轻易的在细菌之间传递。"这一发现具有深远的影响",来自澳大利亚"皇家布里斯班和女性医院"的医生,David L Paterson博士说到。 这一项由华南农业大学的动物医学学院的Yi-Yun Liu进行的研

多粘菌素目前仍是抗击革兰氏阴性菌的最后一道防线。如今,研究者们在中国的肉类食品样本以及住院的部分患者体内发现了一种能够抵抗这一药物的基因。更加令人恐慌的是,这一类基因存在于细菌的质粒中,可以轻易的在细菌之间传递。"这一发现具有深远的影响",来自澳大利亚"皇家布里斯班和女性医院"的医生,David L Paterson博士说到。

这一项由华南农业大学的动物医学学院的Yi-Yun Liu进行的研究结果发表在最近一期的lancet infectious Diseases杂志上。

研究者们发现,2011年从国内零售的鸡肉与猪肉食品样本中检测到的大肠杆菌菌株,有5%含有抗多粘菌素E的基因mcr-1。到2014年11月份,这一比例上升到了25%。因此,不仅微生物能够产生对多粘菌素的耐药性,而且这一耐药性的能力传播的十分迅速。而这一特性得以快速传播,是由于关键基因mcr-1并不存在于细菌的染色体上,而是以质粒的方式存在。

研究者们检测了该基因在大肠杆菌以及肺炎克雷伯菌中的流行程度,他们选取了从2011年4月份到2014年11月份之间,来自中国五个不同省份的微生物样本。结果显示:从动物体内以及市场上零售的肉类食品中分离出的大肠杆菌内部有高比例的mcr-1基因的存在。总体来看,在523份粗制肉类样本中有78份含有mcr-1基因,占15%;804份活体动物样本中分离出的大肠杆菌中也有166份含有这一基因,占21%。

另外,他们还发现mcr-1阳性的大肠杆菌菌株的比例随着时间会有显著的提高:2011年阳性比例为4.9%,2013年为25%,2014年达到了28%。猪肉样本中的阳性比例也表现出相似的特征:2011年为6.3%,2013年为22.9%,2014年为22.3%。如果宏观地来看,2014年中国总共产出了1750万吨的家禽食品以及5670万吨的猪肉食品。占据全球总产量的10%,是世界上最大的生产地。他们还指出,2014年受到感染的1322名患者中有16名体内已经呈mcr-1阳性,占1%。

作者们担心的是这一耐药性的传播可能早已超出了中国范围。"就在文章送审发表的这段时间,送往EMBL检测的马来西亚的大肠杆菌样本已经发现了mcr-1基因的存在,这极有可能是由中国传播出去的"。

Paterson博士与Harris博士指出,尽管目前已经有许多种新型的抗生素投入临床使用,但它们都不能杀灭所有的革兰氏阴性菌。"因此,多粘菌素是我们抵抗革兰氏阴性菌感染的最后一道防线"。其实,早在2012年,世界卫生组织已经阐释了多粘菌素E作为一类抗生素对临床治疗的重要意义。"之前已经有许多人呼吁避免在农业上使用多粘菌素。而如今我们需要用更加严格的方式重申这一论点,从而让政府认识到这一举措的危害"。

"在缺少新型的有效杀灭革兰氏阴性菌的手段的情况下,多粘菌素对人类健康的重要性始终不能低估。我们的工作帮助人们意识到目前的危机状况,以及建议减少多粘菌素在畜牧业中的使用"。(基本常识:滥用抗生素会引发细菌的快速变异,而且在高强度的抗生素压力下,产生耐药性的部分突变株会获得显著的竞争优势从而得以大量繁殖。如果人们再度感染此类变异微生物,用同一种抗生素进行治疗就很难有效果了)。

推荐原文Alarming Antibiotic Resistance Discovery in China

Yi-Yun Liu, BSa, Yang Wang,et al. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study.LANCET INFECT DIS.2015

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    2016-08-04 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828324, encodeId=02b01828324f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu Aug 04 04:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2012041, encodeId=45d42012041dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21015, createdName=heli0118, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 11:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724665, encodeId=67861e246654b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=808e8040e24' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#耐药细菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80407, encryptionId=808e8040e24, topicName=耐药细菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0c3133650204, createdName=lingqf, createdTime=Sat Nov 05 11:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1701515, encodeId=837f1e01515e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bedc665998e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#滥用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66599, encryptionId=bedc665998e, topicName=滥用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ea1030383785, createdName=zchen, createdTime=Mon Oct 24 02:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=54713, encodeId=dee154e1364, content=好东西,值得分享,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=69b61619007, createdName=andruhn, createdTime=Fri Jan 08 20:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-26 heli0118
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    2016-10-24 zchen
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    2016-01-08 andruhn

    好东西,值得分享,学习了!

    0