Cell:剑桥科学家“智擒”磷酸酶,造福罕见病患者

2018-07-31 责编:浮苏 生物探索

磷酸酶包括酸性和碱性两种。医生可通过测试体内这两种酶确定检测癌症等特定疾病。在之前的药性研究中,磷酸酶一直被认为不具有成药性(undruggable),但近日Cell一项研究称,科学家们开发出了一种可靶向磷酸酶的系统,并在小鼠实验中成功验证。这项发现让他们有机会筛选出靶向特定磷酸酶的药物。

磷酸酶包括酸性和碱性两种。医生可通过测试体内这两种酶确定检测癌症等特定疾病。在之前的药性研究中,磷酸酶一直被认为不具有成药性(undruggable),但近日Cell一项研究称,科学家们开发出了一种可靶向磷酸酶的系统,并在小鼠实验中成功验证。这项发现让他们有机会筛选出靶向特定磷酸酶的药物。

相关研究于7月26日发表在《Cell》杂志,英国剑桥分子生物学医学研究委员会(MRC)的Anne Bertolotti博士为论文通讯作者。

最新研究

磷酸酶是细胞信号传递(开启或关闭)的关键部分。大多数信号都是从激活信号开始的——通常起始于一种激酶把一个化学标记(磷酸基团)附着在特定的蛋白质上,从而改变它们的功能。而磷酸酶会切断这一信号(阻止磷酸基团标记)。

细胞中有200多种磷酸酶参与许多不同的过程,因此任何药物都必须选择性地只针对正确的一种,否则会产生严重的副作用或杀死细胞。

能够靶向特定激酶的药物(例如抗癌药物)已经先后被开发出来,但是特异性靶向磷酸酶的药物却很艰难——因为切断磷酸基团的功能是所有磷酸酶共有的,所以对一种磷酸酶给药会抑制数百种磷酸酶并杀死细胞。

领导这项研究的Bertolotti博士说:“几十年来,由于没有办法选择性地靶向磷酸酶,科学家们对它们的研究已经落后于激酶,这也导致它们被认为是不具有成药性的。我们的新系统仅仅是初步研究,但我们希望对相关问题的破解可促进磷酸酶地深入研究以及药物开发。”

“靶向磷酸酶而非激酶就像瞄准细胞信号上的刹车而不是加速器一样,通过抑制磷酸酶,我们延长了已经被激活的信号事件,这有望以更安全的方法来特异性改变细胞中的信号,并有助于创造副作用更少的新药。”

亨廷顿氏病患者福音

为了验证这一系统,研究人员随后利用该系统发现了一种在亨廷顿氏病小鼠模型中显示出希望的分子。

亨廷顿氏病,又称亨廷顿氏舞蹈症(Huntington’s disease, HD)是一种神经退行性疾病,患者一般在中年发病,出现运动、认知和精神方面的症状。其临床症状复杂多变,患者病情呈进行性恶化,通常在发病15~20年后死亡。2018年5月11日,国家卫生健康委员会等5部门联合制定了《第一批罕见病目录》,亨廷顿氏舞蹈症被收录其中。

亨廷顿氏病与阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病等疾病一样,都以积聚在大脑细胞中错误折叠的蛋白质为特征。研究人员希望通过减缓细胞蛋白质的产生速度以确保它的“质量控制机制”(quality control machinery)有更大的能力来清除错误折叠的蛋白质。

在这项研究中,他们旨在通过靶向一种特定磷酸酶PPP1R15B来减缓细胞内蛋白质产生机制。使用新的药物发现平台,他们找到了一种只针对磷酸酶的、叫做Raphin1的分子。

当研究人员在亨廷顿氏病的小鼠模型中测试Raphin1时,他们发现Raphin1可以进入大脑,从而减少疾病相关的错误折叠蛋白在神经元中的积累。

需要指出的是,科学家强调这是早期研究,还需做更多的工作来测试这种药物对人体是否安全或有效。

“亨廷顿氏病是遗传性疾病,早期基因诊断可以为我们提供治疗的希望,从而在症状出现之前靶向这种疾病。我们方法的独特之处在于操纵细胞减慢正常功能,并提供给细胞清除亨廷顿氏症特有的错误折叠蛋白质的机会。不过,我们尚需几年时间才能知道这种方法是否对人类有效且安全。”Bertolotti博士总结。

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    2019-02-10 智慧医人
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    2018-08-02 syscxl
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    2018-07-31 哈哈869

    总结的很全面,用法用量不良反应都讲解的非常详细,谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-07-31 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,长知识

    0

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