OncoImmunology:超10万肿瘤患者大规模荟萃分析,再证TMB免疫治疗疗效预测价值!

2019-07-05 佚名 肿瘤资讯

免疫检查点抑制剂的兴起大大改变了传统的肿瘤治疗策略,而程序性死亡受体-配体1(PD-L1)表达以及肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)等疗效预测标记物的发现,进一步提高了免疫药物的响应和获益。目前,TMB已从一个探索性预测标志物逐步走向FDA获批的伴随诊断,并被列入2019年NCCN指南。既往多项研究已探索了TMB与免疫治疗之间的关系,但在预测总生存(OS)或化疗预后方面,研究结果并不一致,颇具争议。

免疫检查点抑制剂的兴起大大改变了传统的肿瘤治疗策略,而程序性死亡受体-配体1(PD-L1)表达以及肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)等疗效预测标记物的发现,进一步提高了免疫药物的响应和获益。目前,TMB已从一个探索性预测标志物逐步走向FDA获批的伴随诊断,并被列入2019年NCCN指南。既往多项研究已探索了TMB与免疫治疗之间的关系,但在预测总生存(OS)或化疗预后方面,研究结果并不一致,颇具争议。

研究详情:45项临床研究,10W+肿瘤患者数据证明TMB可预测免疫治疗效果

近期发表于OncoImmunology杂志的一项研究,合并分析45项临床研究,103078 例肿瘤患者数据,旨在分析高TMB/低TMB在接受免疫检查抑制剂(ICIs)治疗及非免疫检查点抑制剂(非ICIs)治疗的泛癌种中 OS、无进展生存(PFS)及客观缓解率(ORR)的预后影响情况。该研究为TMB与免疫治疗之间的关系投下了一记重磅实锤!研究结果显示,无论肿瘤类型和检测方式如何,TMB均为预测免疫治疗效果的可靠生物标志物。同时,该研究也探究了TMB与接受化疗等非免疫治疗方式之间的关系。 

截至2018年9月,该研究初步检索Embase、PubMed和Cochrane library等数据库共650篇文章,经去重与筛选后,共45项临床研究,103078 例肿瘤患者纳入研究,包括肺癌、黑色素瘤、乳腺癌、多发性骨髓瘤等不同癌症类型的患者。 

TMB与总生存OS

对于接受ICIs治疗的患者,与低TMB患者相比,高TMB的癌症患者OS显著改善;反之,对于非ICIs治疗的患者,综合结果表明,高TMB的患者其OS越差(无统计学意义);而对于高TMB的患者,ICIs治疗比化疗的OS更优(无统计学意义)(图1)。



图1. TMB与OS的关系。
(A)接受免疫治疗,高TMB与OS正相关(上半部分);
不接受免疫治疗,高TMB与OS负相关(下半部分)。
(B)对于高TMB的患者,免疫治疗比化疗疗效更优,OS显著改善。 

那么,对于不同癌种的患者效果是否会有所不同?研究进行了进一步的亚组分析,结果显示:研究涉及的黑色素瘤、肺癌以及其他癌症类型中,无论是何癌种,高TMB患者的总生存率均显著延长(图2A)。为进一步减少不同研究之间差异对汇总OS结果的影响,亚组分析还对全外显子组测序(WES)和NGS大panel两种检测方法进行了对比,结果显示两种方法检测的高TMB患者均可从免疫治疗中获益,但相较于WES检测的高TMB,NGS大panel检测的高TMB患者OS改善更显著(图2B)。此外,对接受非ICIs治疗亚组分析发现,在肺癌、肝癌和黑色素瘤患者中,高TMB则OS较差,而卵巢癌患者不相关,证明在接受非ICIs治疗的患者中TMB的OS预测作用应根据肿瘤类型确定。



图2. 两种方法检测的高TMB患者均可从免疫治疗中获益,但NGS大panel检测的OS更优。

TMB与无进展生存PFS

TMB和PFS之间的关系,与TMB和OS之间关系类似,在接受ICIs治疗的患者中,TMB高的患者PFS显著更好,且对于高TMB的患者,ICIs治疗比化疗的PFS更优(图3A);同样,TMB对免疫治疗PFS的预测也不受癌种和检测方式的影响(图3B);而对于接受非ICIs治疗的亚组分析,在肺癌、肝癌和黑色素瘤患者中,高TMB则PFS较差,而卵巢癌、直肠癌患者不相关,证明在接受非ICIs治疗的患者中,TMB对PFS预测作用也应根据肿瘤类型确定。



图3. TMB与PFS的关系。

TMB与客观缓解率ORR

在接受免疫治疗的患者中,与低TMB患者相比,高TMB的癌症患者ORR更好(图4)。



图4. TMB与ORR的关系。

TMB与PD-1/PD-L1表达无关

PD-1/PD-L1表达与TMB并不存在相关性,两者是独立的。 

综上,在免疫治疗中,TMB高的患者,无论是OS、PFS或ORR均显著提高;无论肿瘤类型和检测方式如何,TMB均为预测免疫治疗效果的可靠生物标志物!

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    2020-01-26 ylz8403
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    2019-10-25 venlin
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    2019-07-05 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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一文读懂:结直肠癌中的错配修复系统与微卫星

继靶向治疗之后,免疫治疗在恶性肿瘤综合治疗中占据越来越重要的地位,各种临床研究层出不穷,谈到免疫治疗,就不能不提到错配修复系统和微卫星的检测,其中错配修复蛋白与KRAS、BRAF基因检测一起已经成为肠癌患者术后常规检查项目。下面简单介绍一下错配修复系统和微卫星以及其在结直肠癌患者中的意义。

瑞戈非尼联合纳武利尤单抗,或可打开MSS肠癌免疫治疗的春天之门

美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)年会如期在芝加哥开幕。本届年会,免疫治疗依然是热点中的热点。关于微卫星稳定(MSS)肠癌的治疗,一直是难以破解的困局。本届大会上,来自日本的一项Ⅰb期研究REGONIVO以瑞戈非尼联合纳武利尤单抗,为这部分人群带来了令人惊艳的疗效。