胡夕春教授:乳腺癌治疗新突破,CDK4/6抑制剂独领风骚!

2018-06-11 Ryy 肿瘤资讯

第54届美国肿瘤学年会(ASCO)于当地时间2018年6月1日—2018年6月5日在美国芝加哥麦考密克展览中心拉开帷幕。今年大会主题是“传递新知 延展精准医学版图”。

第54届美国肿瘤学年会(ASCO)于当地时间2018年6月1日—2018年6月5日在美国芝加哥麦考密克展览中心拉开帷幕。今年大会主题是“传递新知 延展精准医学版图”。

三大CDK4/6抑制剂并驾齐驱,有望改变乳腺癌治疗临床实践

在2018年ASCO会议上,我们迎来了针对激素受体阳性(HR+)/HER2-的复发/转移性乳腺癌治疗的好消息。

首先,三个CDK4/6抑制剂相关药物数据已经完备。辉瑞公司、诺华公司和礼来公司的三个CDK4/6抑制剂,即Palbociclib、Ribociclib或Abemaciclib,在本届ASCO会议上均公布了对激素受体+Her2—的乳腺癌患者的III期临床试验数据,目前均具备了治疗绝经前患者的证据。从去年的ABC4到今年的ASCO,绝经前和绝经后的乳腺癌患者治疗基本一致,这是非常显着的变化。

第二,三个CDK4/6抑制剂难分伯仲。乳腺癌三大内分泌治疗药物即来曲唑、阿那曲唑及依西美坦互相竞争,而目前又出现了三个CDK4/6抑制剂的竞争。无论一线或二线、绝经前或绝经后,三个CDK4/6抑制剂均可显着提高客观有效率、延长患者的PFS。尤其是在一线治疗中,三个CDK4/6抑制剂均可延长无进展生存期(PFS)10个月以上,这一巨大进步很可能会改变临床实践。在二线治疗中,氟维司群±三个CDK4/6抑制剂的疗效惊人的一致,风险比(HR)均在0.5~0.6之间,即能够降低约40%~50%的疾病进展风险。

在二线治疗的临床试验中,虽然三个CDK4/6抑制剂带来的PFS存在差异,但不同的临床试验不能直接地进行交叉比较,只有头对头的试验进行比较才具说服力;另外,不同的临床试验入组人群不同,患者的人口学特征不同,均会影响PFS。

PARP1抑制剂——BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变乳腺癌患者治疗的新突破

对于BRCA1/BRCA2基因突变即胚系突变的乳腺癌患者,包括三阴性乳腺癌和激素受体+/-的患者,目前较新颖的治疗手段是PARP1抑制剂。PARP1抑制剂与DNA损伤修复通路有关,而BRCA1/BRCA2与DNA损伤修复也有关,可通过双通路合成杀死的机制来杀灭肿瘤细胞。无论是奥拉帕尼或Talazoparib,其研究结果一致。入组的研究人群主要为二线及二线以后治疗的患者,与TPC(医生选择的化疗方案包括长春瑞滨、卡培他滨、艾瑞布林等)相比,PARP1抑制剂能显着延长患者的PFS,HR约0.5~0.6。相对于既往乳腺癌临床试验新型治疗对比既往治疗的HR(约0.8),这一结果说明PARP1抑制剂可降低40%~50%的疾病风险,这是一个巨大的进步。

当然,无论CDK4/6抑制剂或PARP1抑制剂,临床医生更需要了解患者总生存(OS)的数据。只有OS延长,新药才能被大家所接受。

乳腺癌新辅助治疗中CDK4/6抑制剂、PARP1抑制剂或占有一席之地

目前已开展了采用PARP1抑制剂新辅助治疗的临床试验,如奥拉帕尼或Talazoparib,结果显示病理缓解率(PCR)均较高。新辅助治疗最主要的目的是快速达到PCR。临床医生倾向于采用联合治疗方案,如常规化疗+PARP1抑制剂或PARP1抑制剂+内分泌治疗,或联合CDK4/6抑制剂、PD1/PD-L1单抗等,以快速提高PCR,这也是未来临床研究的方向。由于BRCA1/BRCA2基因突变在乳腺癌发生率较低,患者数量有限,所以只有开展国际性或全国多中心的临床试验,才能完成大样本II期或III期临床研究。

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    2018-12-21 soongzhihua
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    2018-11-19 jklm09
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    2018-11-10 zxxiang
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    2018-06-13 zhouqu_8
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    2018-06-13 zhangj7111
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    2018-06-11 1201e5c5m39暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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