ECC 2013:转移性黑色素瘤治疗的重大进展

2014-01-07 shumufeng dxy

随着更有效的药物的不断问世,转移性黑色素瘤领域连接迎来利好消息。2013年欧洲癌症大会上报道了上述相关消息。新型MEK抑制剂来自澳大利亚维多利亚市Peter MacCallum癌症中心的Grant McArthur 博士报道称,在BRIM7研究IB期试验中发现,当一款新型MEK抑制剂药物cobimetinib与威罗菲尼(vemurafenib (Zelboraf))联合治疗未经BRAF抑制剂治

随着更有效的药物的不断问世,转移性黑色素瘤领域连接迎来利好消息。2013年欧洲癌症大会上报道了上述相关消息。


新型MEK抑制剂

来自澳大利亚维多利亚市Peter MacCallum癌症中心的Grant McArthur 博士报道称,在BRIM7研究IB期试验中发现,当一款新型MEK抑制剂药物cobimetinib与威罗菲尼(vemurafenib (Zelboraf))联合治疗未经BRAF抑制剂治疗的黑色素瘤患者时表现出有力的抗肿瘤活性。

威罗菲尼抵抗性的获得往往会导致MAPK因MEK而再活化。MEK和BRAF抑制剂联合使用可克服或延迟抵抗性的产生,正因如此,BRAF与MEK抑制剂的联合应用引起了人们的兴趣。

BRIM7研究评估了cobimetinib的安全性、耐受性,剂量限制性毒性,可耐受的最大剂量,以及其应用于65例威罗菲尼治疗后出现疾病进展的患者和63例未经BRAF抑制剂既往治疗的患者的疗效。患者接受强化剂量的威罗菲尼治疗,每天两次720 mg或 960 mg,序贯cobimetinib 治疗,剂量为60, 80, 或100 mg每天,方案为14天治疗/14天休养(14/14);

治疗21天/休养7天(21/7);或持续治疗。两个剂量水平得到加强:威罗菲尼每天两次720 mg 和960 mg,加cobimetinib 60 mg/d (21/7)。

总体来看,63例未经BRAF抑制剂治疗的患者中有53例对联合治疗产生应答,客观缓解率为85%,包括6 (10%)例完全缓解。另有8 (13%)例患者病情稳定。仅有2例(3%)患者在联合治疗时出现疾病进展。大多数的缓解发生于第一次肿瘤评估时,中位无进展生存目标未达到,中位随访期为10个月。

经威罗菲尼治疗后出现进展的61例患者中,经联合治疗后有9 (15%)例缓解,26 (43%)例病情稳定。经过3个月的随访,统计得到中位生存期为2.8个月。研究者认为,威罗菲尼进展患者经联合治疗后的肿瘤抑制作用为中等程度,研究者正在甄别哪些经威罗菲尼单一治疗后进展的患者可从cobimetinib联合威罗菲尼治疗中获得益处。

有4例患者出现剂量限制性毒性,包括3级疲劳、QT延长、粘膜炎、关节痛等。在所有的治疗组中,最常见的≥3级的治疗相关性不良事件包括非痤疮样斑疹、腹泻、光过敏、以及肝功能异常(7%–19%)。4例患者出现≥3级鳞状细胞癌/角化棘皮瘤。腹泻是常见并发症,影响到81%的未经BRAF抑制剂治疗的患者,其中8%级别超过3级。

毒性差异

伦敦Marsden医院的Larkin博士称:“cobimetinib/威罗菲尼联合治疗未经BRAF抑制剂既往治疗,以及BRAF抑制剂既往治疗无效的患者人群显示出令人鼓舞的效果。”他指出cobimetinib/威罗菲尼方案与dabrafenib (Tafinlar)/trametinib (Mekinist)方案的毒性表现有一些差异,然而我们获得的仅是早期数据,因此下结论需谨慎。

Larkin博士接着说:“我们能够从不易管理的毒性事件如发热/寒战及皮肤毒性事件中区分出一些容易管理的毒性事件,如腹泻。主要差异为,dabrafenib/trametinib方案引起了更多的发热/寒战事件,而威罗菲尼/cobimetinib引起更多的皮肤毒性事件。”

威罗菲尼/cobimetinib联合治疗组中,痤疮样斑疹(所有级别)发生于33%的患者人群,非痤疮样斑疹发生率为89%,光敏感和晒伤发生率为70%;3级以上副作用发生率分别为3%, 13%, 及 0%。威罗菲尼/cobimetinib联合治疗将在III期试验中得到评估。

Nivolumab加伊匹单抗治疗

耶鲁大学医学院的Mario Sznol博士报道了抗PD-1药物nivolumab和伊匹单抗(Yervoy)的联合免疫治疗试验的早期结果,报道称联合治疗“易管理的安全性表现和临床活性与已发表的单一治疗数据明显不同。”

I期研究纳入了86例III 期和 IV期黑色素瘤患者,其中53例患者接受共治,33例接受先nivolumab后伊匹单抗的序贯治疗。在接受共治的患者队列中,有38%曾接受既往治疗,而接受序贯治疗的患者队列100%曾接受既往治疗。共治患者队列的总缓解率为40%,第12周时有31%的患者肿瘤消退幅度大于80%。1年总生存率为82%。

Sznol医生指出,在共治队列中,有确定客观缓解的21例患者的缓解时间从6+周至72+周不等(数据截止至分析时)。客观缓解与患者的绝对淋巴细胞计数或基线时肿瘤细胞PD-L1表达量无关。序贯治疗患者队列中nivolumab/伊匹单抗的临床活性则远未如此显著,仅有20%的患者出现缓解,有13%的患者在12周时肿瘤消退幅度超过80%。

基于上述结果,一项III期公开标签试验正在探索nivolumab加伊匹单抗共治VS nivolumab 单一治疗VS伊匹单抗单一治疗晚期黑色素瘤的疗效。

伊匹单抗治疗的长期生存

Dana-Farbe癌症研究中心的F. Stephen Hodi博士报道称,在迄今为止最大规模的CTLA-4单克隆抗体试验分析中发现,在II期和 III期临床试验中接受伊匹单抗治疗的黑色素瘤患者的中位总生存期为11.4个月,第3年时有22%的患者存活。

研究者对来自12项前瞻性和回顾性试验的1861例患者数据进行汇集分析,此外有2985例患者在临床试验外曾接受伊匹单抗治疗。这是迄今为止对伊匹单抗获益展开的最精确的评估研究。

T-VEC溶瘤病毒

芝加哥Rush 大学医学中心的Howard Kaufman 博士报道称,T-VEC病毒III期试验实现了主要终点和次要终点目标,接受注射治疗的黑色素瘤患者中有16%可产生持久缓解。T-VEC是首例在三期试验中证实有黑色素瘤治疗获益的免疫疗法溶瘤病毒。

T-VEC是由单纯疱疹病毒亚型1衍生而来的一款新型溶瘤病毒免疫疗法,其设计原理是在肿瘤细胞中进行选择性复制并产生内源性粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)以强化局部区域性及全身性抗肿瘤免疫应答。

III 期OPTiM研究纳入了436例III/IV期黑色素瘤患者,按2:1的比例随机分组分别接受T-VEC或重组GM-CSF (沙格司亭)治疗,后者行皮肤、皮下或肿瘤病灶注射治疗,每2周治疗一次,共24周。每次注射的病灶数量不限;优先注射最新出现的病灶,然后是大病灶。

试验达到了主要终点,即由评估委员会评价的持续性缓解率,同时也实现了次要终点。T-VEC治疗组患者的持续缓解(超过6个月)率为16.3%,与之相比GM-CSF仅为2.1%,未校正优势比为8.9。两组的客观缓解率分别为26.4% 和5.7%。大约有一半在达到缓解之前出现间隔期进展。

中期分析发现T-VEC治疗组患者的中位总生存期为23.3个月,GM-CSF治疗组则为19.0个月,疫苗治疗组有优势但无统计学意义。第3年时,两组总生存率分别为40.6%和27.8%。

“试验研究者与独立中心综述者都发现,与GM-CSF治疗相比,T-VEC可显著改善IIIB/IV期黑色素瘤患者的持久缓解率和客观缓解率,缓解的出现,早至1.2个月,晚至16.9个月,中位时间为首次注射后的4.1个月。T-VEC治疗组的中位持续缓解时间未达到目标,至最后一次肿瘤评估时大部分的缓解者仍处于缓解期。”

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    2014-02-27 sunylz
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    2014-01-25 仁医06
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