CSPPT试验启示:用中国的循证指导中国的卒中一级预防临床实践

2015-08-01 张林潮 广西柳州市人民医院 365医学网

近期,一项由中外知名医学专家共同参与的中国脑卒中一级预防研究(CSPPT)结果在美国加利福尼亚州圣迭戈市举行的美国心脏病学会2015年度科学会议上公布,并在世界著名医学杂志《美国医学会杂志》上同步发表(JAMA:叶酸补充剂可减低高血压患者脑卒中的危险性(CSPPT试验))。随后,在5月9日的中国脑卒中大会上进行了“CSPPT重大科研成果新闻发布会”。CSPPT研究探索出一条有中国特色的心血管防治之

近期,一项由中外知名医学专家共同参与的中国脑卒中一级预防研究(CSPPT)结果在美国加利福尼亚州圣迭戈市举行的美国心脏病学会2015年度科学会议上公布,并在世界著名医学杂志《美国医学会杂志》上同步发表(JAMA:叶酸补充剂可减低高血压患者脑卒中的危险性(CSPPT试验))。随后,在5月9日的中国脑卒中大会上进行了“CSPPT重大科研成果新闻发布会”。CSPPT研究探索出一条有中国特色的心血管防治之路,而且为全球脑卒中预防开出了一张科学循证、靶点明确、疗效显著的“中国处方”。在中国工程院院士、中华预防医学会会长王陇德院士看来,CSPPT研究不仅揭示了中国高血压患者多发脑卒中的原因,还为中国特色的脑卒中防控提供了确凿的循证医学证据,甚至可能影响未来我国相关卫生政策的制定。

1.CSPPT研究:H型高血压精准医疗里程碑意义的研究


CSPPT研究是迄今我国研究者独立完成,最大样本量的一级预防研究,而且是一项完全遵照国际标准的大型、随机、双盲对照临床研究,旨在探讨依那普利叶酸片(简称依叶片)在高血压人群中应用对初发脑卒中的影响。此研究由中华医学会心血管分会主任委员,北京大学第一医院霍勇教授作为首席科学家,带领团队对20702例无脑卒中和心肌梗死病史的成年高血压患者进行了长达4年半的干预和跟踪。霍勇教授回答了两个深层次的问题:首先解释了为什么中国人易患脑卒中,更重要的是,为脑卒中的预防提出一种简单、易行、经济的措施。国际标准:对卒中预防有全球性深远意义。

CSPPT研究使“低叶酸高Hcy——H型高血压——高卒中发生率”;“依那普利叶酸片--降压降Hcy--更有效降低脑卒中风险”这一证据链得到了完美的双向验证。该研究结果令人振奋,研究发现:与单用依那普利降压相比,服用依那普利叶酸片(简称依叶片)能显著降低21%脑卒中风险,尤其对H型高血压人群获益更为突出。CSPPT研究让脑卒中的未来预防更加精准化,指明了一条从高血压人群细分到H型高血压人群、再到携带"坏"突变基因的H型高血压人群的精准医疗之路。

2.预防脑卒中,当务之急是重视‘H型’高血压

据了解,中美之间在心脑血管病的流行特征存在着巨大的差异:美国心脑血管病死亡率在过去 55 年逐年下降,中国在过去20年则迅速上升;美国心脏病的死亡率是脑卒中的4至5倍,中国相反,以脑卒中为主,死亡率是心脏病的2至3倍。

高血压是脑卒中最重要的危险因素,但高血压有一些临床特殊性问题,不同类型的高血压,其发病机制、临床特点甚至治疗措施都有差异性。2008年胡大一教授提出“伴有血同型半胱氨酸升高(≥10 μmol/L)的原发性高血压定义为H型高血压”。H型高血压概念的提出反应了中国心脑血管病的中国特色,为降低我国心脑血管事件,尤其是脑卒中事件找到了极具意义的治疗靶点。
大量的科学研究证明,H型高血压是最容易导致脑卒中的高血压。根据2007年北京大学第一医院霍勇教授学组对我国6大城市轻中度高血压患者的流行病学研究结果发现,由于基因及环境因素的影响,中国高血压人群伴有Hcy升高(≥10 μmol/L)的比例高达75%(CSC 2014:霍勇:H型高血压诊治的中国经验)。我国3亿高血压患者,预计有近2亿为H型。同型半胱氨酸是卒中重要的危险因素,2002年,发表在BMJ上的一项大型荟萃分析指出:血Hcy每增加5μmol/L,缺血性心脏病风险增加33%,卒中风险增加59%。作为一种与脑卒中发生与再发关系更加密切的分子病,高hcy血症被美国《关于缺血性卒中和短暂脑缺血发作(TIA)预防指南》(2006)列为脑卒中的重要危险因素。2010年,我国阜外医院惠汝太教授牵头的一项全国多中心临床研究[8],对1832名卒中患者进行了平均4.5年的随访,结果显示:高Hcy增加卒中患者卒中复发风险74%,全因死亡风险75%,这一结果率先揭示了国人Hcy与卒中再发的关系。而当同型半胱氨酸叠加高血压的时候,它的协同作用要远远高于每一个疾病各自影响的总和,高血压和高Hcy两者显著协同增加心脑血管事件风险11-28倍,这就需要我们在未来关注脑卒中危险因素时,一定要关注中国特有的危险因素,用中国特有的危险因素的思维来解决中国卒中防治问题。预防脑卒中,当务之急是重视H型高血压。

基于此,《中国高血压防治指南2010》、《中国脑卒中一级预防指导规范2015》将Hcy≥10μmol/L列入心血管危险分层因素,并要求对于高血压人群应常规筛查Hcy,同时推荐小剂量复方制剂依那普利叶酸片用于卒中的防治。《中国高血压防治指南2010》明确指出,SPC是降压治疗的一线治疗选择,传统的单片复方制剂价格较低廉,但缺乏循证医学依据,许多长期使用的药物上市后临床研究较少,2008年上市的依那普利叶酸片,专注于H型高血压(伴有Hcy≥10μmol/L的原发性高血压患者)的治疗和卒中防治,依那普利叶酸片(依叶)通过阻断RASS系统及降低Hcy来多元控制H型高血压的发病机制,降压达标率更优。依那普利叶酸片(依叶)的脑卒中一级预防研究(CSPPT)填补了我国目前单片复方制剂在降压及卒中预防方面的临床循证空白。充分反映了我国医学工作者需要探索适合中国心脑血管病防治策略的创新之路,需要制定适合中国国情的高血压防治指南。

3.重视转化医学,用中国的循证指导中国的临床实践

据悉,CSPPT研究一经在美国心脏病年会上公布,美国医师继续教育学会很快把它列为医师继续教育必读文件,这种重视转化医学的快速反应能力值得我们借鉴。依据CSPPT研究结果提示,依那普利叶酸片可以使新发卒中降低21%,中国MONICA最新数据推算2020年新发卒中370万人,那么每年可预防111万(约30%)脑卒中发生;假设将来每1例卒中发生的直接和间接经济损失是10万元,那么每年将为国家节约1110亿元。

为了进一步了解马来酸依那普利叶酸片对于H型高血压患者脑卒中预防在真实世界环境下的疗效,北京大学第一医院获国家十二·五重大新药创制专项支持,在全国范围,与200多家临床医院心脑血管专家合作开展了CER研究。该研究旨在比较在真实医疗环境下,以马来酸依那普利叶酸片作为H型高血压基础用药的治疗方案与不以马来酸依那普利叶酸片作为H型高血压基础用药的治疗方案在H型高血压患者中预防脑卒中的效果差异的研究,计划登记30000例以上符合入选标准的H型高血压患者,并对登记人群进行3年以上的随访登记。该研究将为H高血压合并不同疾病,及不同地区、不同联合用药背景下马来酸依那普利叶酸片的疗效提供更充分的循证医学证据,是RCT研究的有效补充。

CSPPT及CER,将为依那普利叶酸片在高血压治疗基础上进一步防治脑卒中的疗效提供量化的获益依据;同时,将为评价叶酸与依那普利以及其他降压药的联合使用预防心脑血管事件的有效性与安全性提供确凿的证据。

广西属于一个多民族且经济相对不发达的省份,卒中的防控更是不容忽视。期待广西的医务工作者和高血压患者更多地了解CSPPT科研成果及参与到H型高血压的比较效果研究(CER)中去,临床工作者需要关注临床治疗的同时更多地关注疾病的预防及临床研究,并且在实际防控工作中规范治疗H型高血压,将会使更多的广西高血压民众受益,使我们处于井喷高发的脑卒中早日出现拐点,发病率早日下降,这不仅对国家而且对广西的健康经济意义将更为显著。

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    2015-10-08 hlycom3356

    这篇文章写得很好

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947513, encodeId=6138194e51327, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=360f14591e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PPT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14591, encryptionId=360f14591e2, topicName=PPT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/78FA0899509C358B01B975E8EAC1F88A/100, createdBy=7d822500145, createdName=ms5353107019656438, createdTime=Thu Apr 21 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38125, encodeId=04e83812556, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2077265, encodeId=00eb20e726557, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2716535631' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CSP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5356, encryptionId=2716535631, topicName=CSP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eq2AGzrugK9ZUjU3eJxzM901ophWib0xJDrSicy49ibWl3zB5pbDto7eoR6tnzwOiaKdbq1a8PcbYFFrw/132, createdBy=6ff22500098, createdName=ms4964546379600229, createdTime=Sat Apr 09 02:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1323608, encodeId=070d132360879, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=42b922e7350' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床实践#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22773, encryptionId=42b922e7350, topicName=临床实践)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=35fc2500023, createdName=yanjie6253_56072842, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1449673, encodeId=dec914496e352, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bd850468be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50468, encryptionId=0bd850468be, topicName=循证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fca95510093, createdName=xjy04, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1596376, encodeId=4beb15963e6c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0d83600273' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中一级预防#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36002, encryptionId=c0d83600273, topicName=卒中一级预防)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=18af18379259, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947513, encodeId=6138194e51327, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=360f14591e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PPT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14591, encryptionId=360f14591e2, topicName=PPT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/78FA0899509C358B01B975E8EAC1F88A/100, createdBy=7d822500145, createdName=ms5353107019656438, createdTime=Thu Apr 21 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38125, encodeId=04e83812556, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2077265, encodeId=00eb20e726557, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2716535631' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CSP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5356, encryptionId=2716535631, topicName=CSP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eq2AGzrugK9ZUjU3eJxzM901ophWib0xJDrSicy49ibWl3zB5pbDto7eoR6tnzwOiaKdbq1a8PcbYFFrw/132, createdBy=6ff22500098, createdName=ms4964546379600229, createdTime=Sat Apr 09 02:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1323608, encodeId=070d132360879, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=42b922e7350' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床实践#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22773, encryptionId=42b922e7350, topicName=临床实践)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=35fc2500023, createdName=yanjie6253_56072842, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1449673, encodeId=dec914496e352, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bd850468be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50468, encryptionId=0bd850468be, topicName=循证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fca95510093, createdName=xjy04, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1596376, encodeId=4beb15963e6c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0d83600273' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中一级预防#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36002, encryptionId=c0d83600273, topicName=卒中一级预防)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=18af18379259, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 10:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-03 xjy04
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