Nature重磅:这种致死率更高的恶性肿瘤,或将迎来精准治疗时代

2021-09-26 生物探索 生物探索

美国德州大学MD安德森癌症中心的研究团队发现,按照结构和功能对表皮生长因子受体突变进行分类,可预测EGFR突变型NSCLC的药物反应,为患者匹配合适的靶向药物提供了精准框架。

肺癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其中非小细胞型肺癌(NSCLC)包括鳞癌、腺癌、大细胞癌和一些不常见类型,约占所有肺癌的80%。与小细胞癌相比,NSCLC生长较慢,转移相对较晚,多数患者发现时已处于中晚期,5年生存率很低,已成为我国城市人口恶性肿瘤死亡原因的第1位。

在过去20年中NSCLC的治疗取得了重要进展,小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor, TKI)和免疫疗法的联合使用给患者带来了前所未有的生存益处。

近期,美国德州大学MD安德森癌症中心的John V. Heymach团队发现,按照结构和功能对表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变进行分类,可预测EGFR突变型NSCLC的药物反应,为患者匹配合适的靶向药物提供了一个更精准的框架。相关研究结果于2021年9月15日发表在Nature期刊上,题为“Structure-based classification predicts drug response in EGFR-mutant NSCLC”。

(Nature, 2021, doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03898-1)

通常,EGFR突变发生在18-21号外显子,是NSCLC的已知驱动突变。靶向治疗被批准用于"经典"突变和少数其他突变的患者。然而,对于其他EGFR突变尚未发现有效的治疗方法,而且非典型EGFR突变的频率和对药物敏感性的影响尚不清楚。

针对这一问题,Heymach团队分析了来自五个不同据库的11619名EGFR突变NSCLC患者的突变情况,其中,67.1%的患者有经典的EGFR突变,30.8%有非典型的EGFR突变,2.2%两者都有。同时分析这些患者的治疗失败的时间(time to treatment failure, TTF),发现无论使用何中类型的TKI,非典型突变患者的TTF明显短于经典突变患者。

(图注:非典型 EGFR 突变的患者与经典EGFR突变患者相比具有较短的TTF)

随后,研究人员创建了76 个具有EGFR 突变的细胞系,对比 18 种EGFR 抑制剂对其进行筛选,观察到四个不同的EGFR突变亚群:远离ATP结合口袋的经典类突变、T790M样突变、外显子20环插入突变、 PACC突变。比较发现基于结构-功能的分组比基于外显子的分类更更具预测性。通过计算每个突变的药物敏感性、分类、回归树(CART) 分析,进一步验证了这种基于结构的亚群方法的有效性。

(图注:EGFR 突变可分为四个亚群)

此外,研究发现外显子20突变对TKIs的反应是异质的,其中某些突变对 EGFR TKIs 具有泛敏感性,而Ex20ins-L 只对第二代TKI敏感。这表明外显子内的突变是异质的,基于外显子的分类不是指导治疗决策的最佳选择。同时发现,T790M样突变对对第三代 TKIs、 ALK和PKC抑制剂具有较高的选择性;PACC突变对第二代TKI非常敏感;经典类突变对所有类别的TKI都很敏感,特别是第三代。这些结果表明,基于结构-功能的分组能为患者提供更敏感、更精准的治疗方案。

a:基于结构-功能分组时,使用afatinib治疗PACC突变相较于其他亚群具有更持久的药效;

b:基于结构的分组方法,afatinib治疗有效的人数基于外显子方法的两倍;

cd:基于结构-功能分组时,使用第二代TKIs治疗PACC突变相较于第一、三代具有更好的患者预后

e:基于结构-功能分组时,使用第二代TKIs治疗PACC突变相较于非PACC患者具有更好的患者预后

在这项研究中,研究人员根据EGFR突变对药物敏感性的结构-功能关系将其分成四个亚组,相较于传统的基于外显子的组别更能回顾性地预测患者接受EGFR抑制剂治疗后的结果,可以有效地指导EGFR突变型NSCLC患者的治疗和临床试验选择。

原始出处:

Robichaux, J.P., Le, X., Vijayan, R.S.K. et al. Structure-based classification predicts drug response in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Nature (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03898-1.

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    2022-02-21 axin009
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    2021-11-29 liye789132251
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    2021-09-28 xxxx1054

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Nature:未来COVID-19将何去何从?

遥远的未来会和新冠共舞吗?

Nature发文:新冠病毒面前,男人为何如此脆弱

“脆弱啊,你的名字是女人!”这是《哈姆雷特》中的经典名句,但是如果莎士比亚生在新冠肺炎大肆传播的今天,恐怕会把这句话改成“脆弱啊,你的名字是男人!”。

Nature子刊:情绪影响癌症治疗效果?难怪乐观的人活得久

心情不好,情绪不佳会影响癌症的药物治疗效果。

Nature 劝你别熬夜!通过生活方式预防和治疗高血压

全球约1/3成人患有高血压。在过去的十年里,由于高血压导致的死亡人数上升了56.1%。尽管药物治疗已取得长足进展,高血压仍是全球早死的主要原因。