movement disorders:孤立的快速眼动睡眠,语言异常或可提示认知障碍

2022-07-13 Freeman MedSci原创

语言学特征可能为检测iRBD受试者中由前驱神经变性引起的认知能力下降提供了可靠的自动方法

目前正在开发帕金森病(PD)等神经退行性疾病。因为引入疾病修正治疗的最佳时间段是神经退行性疾病的前驱阶段,所以找到这一疾病阶段的诊断和进展性生物标志物至关重要。孤立的快速眼动睡眠行为障碍(iRBD)是一种寄生性失眠症,其特点是与快速眼动睡眠期间肌肉失张力有关的梦境行动行为。

图1: 论文封面图

多项研究认为,iRBD是突触蛋白病的前驱标志,有70%至80%的风险发展为明显的神经退行性疾病,特别是PD或路易体痴呆(DLB)。

iRBD患者认知能力下降的模式和严重程度可以预测突触核蛋白病的亚型。认知恶化更能预测DLB的发展,而在那些将发展为PD或保持无突触蛋白病的iRBD患者中,通常会观察到认知性能的未改变。

有趣的是,认知能力的细微缺陷甚至影响到那些不符合轻度认知障碍(MCI)标准的iRBD患者。对语言功能(MCI的一个核心认知领域)的调查和细微的认知衰退研究提供了关于几种神经退行性疾病中认知改变的独特模式的宝贵信息。

事实上,在PD和其他基底神经节疾病中普遍观察到语言异常,如句法复杂性受限和词汇-语义理解能力。到目前为止,还没有研究对iRBD患者潜在的前驱语言障碍进行研究。

如今,数字技术的进步为语言处理提供了新的可能性。自动语音识别(ASR)和自然语言处理(NLP)用于分析和分类语言,在智能手机等广泛的设备上广泛使用。因此,基于自发语音的生物标志物可能大大受益于在实验室环境之外获得的自动数据分析,并有可能适用于大量人群。然而,突触神经病患者不仅可能出现认知上的改变,还可能出现运动性言语障碍,这两者都可能给自动识别和NLP技术带来困难,无法正确转录和注释语音。此外,用于话语分析的各种自发话语可能给MCI患者带来进一步的困难。

藉此,捷克布拉格科技大学的Martin Šubert等人,评估在不同类型的自发话语中检查的语言障碍,是否能在iRBD患者和有或没有MCI的PD患者中发现。还探索是否可以通过使用现有的ASR和NLP技术,以完全自动化的方式进行前驱和表现的突触神经病的话语分析。

他们招募了139名捷克本地参与者,包括40名无MCI的iRBD和14名有MCI的iRBD,与40名无MCI的PD、15名有MCI的PD和30名健康对照对象进行比较。

对自发的话语和故事叙述进行了转录和语言学上的注释。进行了定量分析,计算了三种语言学特征。人工注释与全自动注释进行了比较。

 

图2:论文结果图

他们发现: 与对照组相比,iRBD患者的内容密度较差,反映了内容词和修饰词的减少。患有MCI的PD和iRBD亚组都表现出较少出现独特的词和较多的n-grams重复,表明词汇的丰富性较差。

自发话语任务显示了没有MCI的iRBD的语言障碍,曲线下面积为0.72,而故事叙述任务更好地反映了MCI的存在,将PD和iRBD亚组的MCI与对照组区分开,曲线下面积高达0.81。

此外,手动和自动计算的结果之间有很强的相关性。

他们发现:语言学特征可能为检测iRBD受试者中由前驱神经变性引起的认知能力下降提供了可靠的自动方法,为未来的治疗试验提供了关键结果。

 

原文出处:
Šubert M, Šimek M, Novotný M, et al. Linguistic Abnormalities in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. _Movement Disorders_. Published online July 7, 2022:mds.29140. doi:[10.1002/mds.29140](https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29140)

 

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    2022-12-10 cmsvly
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    2022-12-10 anminleiryan
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    2022-07-14 yangjxjc
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    2022-07-13 桐梓坡凯

    踩一踩留个脚印,后面看

    0

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