BMJ:超加工食品、含糖饮料增加男性结直肠癌风险,而酸奶降低女性结直肠癌风险

2022-09-04 生物世界 生物世界

食用超加工食品与女性结直肠癌风险之间没有关联。这可能是因为女性食用的超加工食品的成分与男性不同,像酸奶这样的超加工食品可能会抵消其他类型超加工食品对女性的有害影响。

对于许多人来说,预制食品和速食食品的便利性可能会让人很容易忽视其不太理想的营养性,而实际上,除了营养性不佳以外,越来越多的研究显示,这些加工食品还会带来一系列健康风险。

近日,塔夫茨大学和哈佛大学合作的一项研究显示,超加工食品与结直肠癌风险增加之间存在密切相关性

超加工食品(Ultra-Processed Foods)主要是指食品含有的盐、糖、油和脂肪外的工业成分,如用来增加感官刺激的添加剂、用来保鲜的防腐剂等。面包、奶油蛋糕、巧克力、苏打水、即食食品等都属于超加工食品。

2022年8月31日,美国塔夫茨大学张芳芳团队与哈佛大学等机构的研究人员合作,在国际顶尖医学期刊《英国医学杂志》(BMJ)上发表了题为:Association of ultra-processed food consumption with colorectal cancer risk among men and women: results from three prospective US cohort studies 的研究论文。

这项研究显示,经常食用超加工食品与男性结直肠癌风险增加29%有关,与男性远端结肠癌风险增加72%有关。而在女性中没有观察到显著相关性。

此外,含糖饮料与男性结直肠癌风险增加有关,而酸奶则与女性结直肠癌风险降低有关。

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该论文的第一作者 Wang Lu 博士表示,与其他癌症类型相比,结直肠癌可能是受饮食影响最大的癌症,加工肉类大部分属于超加工食品,是结直肠癌的重要危险因素。而且,超加工食品的添加糖含量高,纤维含量低,这会导致肥胖,而肥胖也是结直肠癌的既定风险因素。

这项发表在 BMJ 的研究对三项大型前瞻性研究进行了分析,包括了超过20万名参与者(女性159907名,男性46341名),这些研究对他们的饮食摄入量进行了评估,并跟踪随访了超过25年。研究期间,每四年向每位参与者提供一份食物频率问卷调查,询问大约130种食物的食用频率。 

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男女每天的超加工食品摄入比例

在这项 BMJ 研究中,研究团队将参与者按照超加工食品的摄入量平分为五组,从低到高排序。结果显示,超加工食品摄入量处于最高的五分之一的男性患结直肠癌的风险最高。但该研究并未发现食用大量超加工食品的女性结直肠癌总体风险增加。

在对这些超过20万参与者的超过25年的跟踪研究中,共记录了1294例男性结直肠癌病例和1922例女性病例。

研究团队发现,男性结直肠癌与超加工食品之间最密切的关联来自肉类、家禽或鱼类的即食产品(包括加工肉类,如香肠、培根、火腿、鱼肉饼等)。该研究还发现,含糖饮料的摄入量增加,如苏打水、水果饮料、含糖牛奶饮料,与男性患结直肠癌的风险增加有关。

 

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但并非所有超加工食品都与结直肠癌风险增加有关。该研究发现,酸奶等超加工乳制品与女性结直肠癌风险之间存在负相关(与女性结直肠癌风险降低17%有关)。

图片

总体而言,食用超加工食品与女性结直肠癌风险之间没有关联。这可能是因为女性食用的超加工食品的成分与男性不同,像酸奶这样的超加工食品可能会抵消其他类型超加工食品对女性的有害影响。

通常情况下,超加工食品与较差的饮食质量有关,但除了超加工食品的不良饮食质量之外,可能还有其他因素会影响患结直肠癌的风险。例如食品添加剂可能通过改变肠道菌群、促进炎症等促进癌症发展。

人们对超加工食品的依赖,通常是因为方便获取和便利性。加工食品有助于延长保质期,但通常不如未加工食品健康。这项研究提醒了我们大量使用这些超加工食品的潜在风险,也有助于促进食品相关法律法规和饮食健康指南的改变。

论文链接:

https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj-2021-068921

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    2022-12-23 sjq027
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    2022-09-09 gaoxiaoe
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    2022-09-06 小小医者

    #加工食品##含糖饮料#增加男性#结直肠癌#风险,而酸奶降低女性结直肠癌风险

    0

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    2022-09-05 ms2954355359966266

    看来还是吃蔬菜水果最健康

    0

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