Curr Biol:研究人员设计出在实体瘤中吞噬癌细胞的巨噬细胞

2017-07-15 Evan Lerner Medicalxpress

现在,在宾夕法尼亚大学工程与应用科学学院和宾夕法尼亚佩雷尔曼医学和物理科学肿瘤中心的研究人员已经学会如何重新设计的巨噬细胞——利用免疫系统的“第一反应”,使他们能够区分健康和癌细胞。


Discher实验室实验中,巨噬细胞被设计成可以忽略细胞表达的“不要吃我”的信号。在小鼠模型中,改造后的巨噬细胞与肿瘤特异性靶向抗体结合后,侵入并吞噬了肿瘤细胞。
图源:Discher Lab

癌症难以治疗的一个原因是它避开了机体的免疫监视。免疫物质可以识别健康细胞表面的正常的化学信号,而肿瘤细胞也可表达出与健康细胞相似的化学信号,从而避免被杀死。

现在,在宾夕法尼亚大学工程与应用科学学院和宾夕法尼亚佩雷尔曼医学和物理科学肿瘤中心的研究人员已经学会如何重新设计的巨噬细胞——利用免疫系统的“第一反应”,使他们能够区分健康和癌细胞。

有了这种能力,转基因巨噬细胞可以进入小鼠体内循环、侵入实体肿瘤并特异性吞噬人类癌症细胞。这意味着肿瘤免疫治疗有了进一步发展的可能。

吞噬细胞等免疫细胞免疫是人体免疫反应的第一步,通过吞噬消化病变或异体细胞进行免疫作用。按理说,它们也应该攻击肿瘤细胞,但是从正常细胞转变而成的肿瘤细胞往往和正常细胞有着相似的生理模式,从而躲避免疫细胞的攻击。

Discher 实验室把目光放在了可以对这种保护机制做出反应的巨噬细胞表面蛋白上。

“我们的新方法是从人骨髓中取具有侵袭能力的年轻巨噬细胞,并消除肿瘤细胞用来保护自己免受吞噬的关键分子。” Alvey说。“结合特异性肿瘤抗体后,这些改造的巨噬细胞迅速侵入实体瘤中并促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,且未发现明显毒性作用。”

虽然通过基因工程改造T细胞的细胞免疫疗法在一些血液肿瘤治疗中取得了积极效果,但是在其他人体器官组织中的肿瘤组织更加稳定,因此这种疗法就遇到了阻碍。

Discher 实验室已经证实人体细胞表面蛋白CD47可与巨噬细胞表面名为“SIRPα”的蛋白分子相互作用完成自身标记功能。当SIRPA与细胞上CD47结合时,可以保护细胞免于巨噬细胞的吞噬,这种保护作用也包括肿瘤细胞。因此,科学家认为可通过控制CD47蛋白作为以巨噬细胞为基础的细胞免疫疗法手段。

阻断CD47分子与SIRPα结合的治疗方式以小鼠作为实验模型来观察该治疗方式对肿瘤变小的影响。不过这种方法会使体内血细胞减少。实验中,一些小鼠死于贫血,还有一些小鼠死于因缺乏CD47而引起的自身免疫病。

为了避免这些副作用,并最大化地激发肿瘤治疗潜能,Alvey和同事选择直接阻断从人体和小鼠体内获取的新鲜幼巨噬细胞上的SIRPα蛋白,除此以外,他们还注射了各种可与癌细胞结合的抗体,去激活巨噬细胞,使它们可以进入肿瘤。

令人惊喜的是,虽然这种巨噬细胞可在全身循环,但是只聚集在肿瘤处并吞噬肿瘤细胞。两次注射后,肿瘤细胞缩小了80%。重要的是,这种方法并未影响到血细胞,证明这种方法安全。

研究还发现,当注射后聚集在肿瘤细胞处的巨噬细胞停止吞噬后再次注射,仍然能安全地削弱肿瘤细胞。

Alvey说这是一个好的开始。这些巨噬细胞效果明显,但重要的还是要在最大可能发挥抗癌作用的同时减少副作用。

Discher 实验室接下来将会把精力放在寻找更精确的癌细胞靶点和延长改良巨噬细胞作用时间上。

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topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Mon Jul 17 06:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-27 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

  4. 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topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Mon Jul 17 06:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-24 唐大花

    学习了

    0

  5. 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topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Mon Jul 17 06:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-22 唐大花

    学习了

    0

  6. 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topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Mon Jul 17 06:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-21 唐大花

    学习了

    0

  7. 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    2017-07-18 唐大花

    学习了

    0

  8. 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    2017-07-17 往日如昨

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  9. 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    2017-07-17 ylzr123

    好文,值得点赞!认真学习了,把经验应用于实践,为患者解除病痛。

    0

  10. 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topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Mon Jul 17 06:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-17 yxch36

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