Neurology:自发性脑出血患者的颅内压监测:来自 SYNAPSE-ICU 研究的见解

2022-06-15 Naomi MedSci原创

关于自发性颅内出血(ICH)患者的适应症、管理和颅内压监测和治疗对预后的影响,仍存在不确定性。研究发现对于中危重患者的颅内压监测与降低住院和6个月死亡率有关,但不能改善6个月的功能结果,需进一步研究。

脑出血(ICH)约占全部卒中病例的10%,但占卒中相关发病率和死亡率的三分之一。最初的原发损伤尤其与血肿的机械效应和细胞结构的物理破坏有关。继发性损伤在接下来的几天内发生,包括代谢后果,即炎症和神经毒性级联反应,以及血肿扩大、突出、颅内压升高和由于丧失自我调节而导致的全球血流灌注受损。在这种情况下,颅内压升高可能是由肿块效应、脑水肿、血肿扩大或脑积水引起的,及时治疗可能会降低发病率和死亡率。然而,ICH人群中没有很好地界定插入和管理ICP监测仪的适应症。目前美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会的指南为颅内压监测提供了一个低强度(IIb级)的建议(GCS评分为≤8,临床证据为经小脑幕突出,或重大脑室出血或脑积水)。此外,关于颅内压升高的频率(即,颅内压≥20毫米汞柱)及其对预后的影响,以及因此监测和治疗颅内压的重要性的数据有限。

为了解决这些不确定性,近日一项发表在Neurology上的研究对Synapse-ICU研究中的ICH患者进行了分析。具体地说,该研究旨在评估ICH患者的颅内压监测的特点、适应症和管理,并评估颅内高压的发生率和管理。并进一步探讨了在全球不同中心和国家之间使用颅内压的可变性,以及ICU中的颅内压监测和管理与6个月死亡率和神经学结果的相关性。

研究方法:对参加SYNAPSE-ICU研究的自发性脑出血患者进行分析,该研究是一项关于使用颅内压监测的国际前瞻性观察研究。本研究旨在描述在ICU住院的大量自发性脑出血患者中,颅内压监测的临床实践、高颅压的发生及其治疗方法。进一步评估了住院死亡率,以及通过反向概率加权的倾向评分方法评估了颅内压监测与6个月死亡率和预后之间的关系。

研究结果:

  • 587例脑出血患者中281例(47.9%)接受了颅内压监测。
  • 与未监测的患者相比,接受颅内压监测的患者更年轻(61比67岁,p<0.001),出现双眼反应的频率更高(67.2%,比55.2%,p=0.008),入院时的神经状况更好(GCS≤8,82.3%比88.8%,p=0.038),在ICU期间接受更高的治疗强度。
  • 70.5%(170/241)的患者ICH评分达到3或4。
  • 近一半(46.6%)的患者(46.6%)在第一周内至少有一次ICP20≥发作。
  • 脑室导管(53.6%)是最常用的装置,与其他监测装置相比(43.7%和64.9%),颅内高压的发生率较少。
  • 在加权COX回归模型中,颅内压监测与6个月死亡率的显著降低相关(危险比,HR=0.49(95%可信区间CI=0.35~0.71,p=0.001),而与神经系统预后无关(OR=0.83,95%CI=0.41~1.68,p=0.6077)。

结论:ICH患者的颅内压监测主要用于中危重患者。监测颅内压与降低住院和6个月死亡率有关,但不能改善6个月的功能结果。需要进一步的研究和随机对照试验,以产生更高水平的医学证据,以支持关于ICH患者使用和治疗的指导方针。

文献来源:Dallagiacoma S, Robba C, Graziano F, et al. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Insights From the SYNAPSE-ICU Study [published online ahead of print, 2022 May 4]. Neurology. 2022;10.1212/WNL.0000000000200568. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200568

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    2022-08-05 yinhl1978
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    2022-06-15 sodoo

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颅内出血的演变时期是基于MR T1和T2信号特征进行大致区分;超急性期MR与CT同样敏感,亚急性和慢性期则MR更为敏感;且MR信号改变是从病灶周围到中心进展。

Neurology:脑出血患者体重指数与功能预后的关系

该研究证明了较高的BMI与死亡率的降低、功能结果的改善、90天后自我报告的健康状况的改善有关,从而支持了肥胖在脑出血患者中的矛盾作用。高BMI有益效果似不受种族/民族或性别的影响,年龄可能发挥重要作用

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