ASCO 2020:3年或1年伊马替尼辅助治疗高危胃肠道间质瘤的10年随访结果

2020-05-23 网络 网络

胃肠间质瘤(GIST)是一类常见的肉瘤,与预后密切相关的几个因素主要是肿瘤核分裂数、肿瘤大小、部位和肿瘤破裂与否,目前的危险度分级标准也是依据这几个参数而建立的。尽管前期的辅助治疗1年(Z9001)和

胃肠间质瘤(GIST)是一类常见的肉瘤,与预后密切相关的几个因素主要是肿瘤核分裂数、肿瘤大小、部位和肿瘤破裂与否,目前的危险度分级标准也是依据这几个参数而建立的。尽管前期的辅助治疗1年(Z9001)和2年的临床试验只观察到了RFS的延长(这两个试验中均纳入了部分低危险度的患者),但高危患者,辅助治疗3年的SSGXVIII/AIO研究取得了RFS和OS均延长的结果,OS获益的原因尚不清楚。

KIT和PDGFRA基因突变是绝大部分GIST的驱动因素,其中KIT突变最多见的是11外显子的缺失突变,这些突变经常涵盖了关键的557/558密码子,这类患者预后更差,而插入、复制突变和PDGFRA突变的预后相对较好。但是依靠单纯的基因突变类型来判断患者预后,其差别很大,预后还与核分裂数等有关,这提示基因类型可能和其他遗传特征一起,影响GIST的临床生物学行为。目前,基因突变作为指导GIST临床用药的依据得到了广泛的应用,不同基因突变者其药物反应均不一致,虽然PDGFRA外显子18 D842V突变患者对IM有耐药性,但是大部分KIT-11缺失突变患者对IM较为敏感,KIT-9突变的晚期患者更倾向于从高剂量IM治疗中获益。但是KIT和PDGFRA突变的患者,延长辅助治疗疗程与患者预后的关系,目前我们尚无证据。

伊马替尼术后辅助治疗可改善胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)患者术后无复发生存(RFS)。尚不确定能否改善总生存(OS),伊马替尼的3项大型随机试验中,只有一项(SSGXVIII/AIO,NCT00116935)改善了OS,且其统计学意义处于临界状态。本研究旨在评估参加SSGXVIII/AIO试验患者的长期OS。

SSGXVIII/AIO是一项开放标签、随机(1∶1)、多中心的Ⅲ期试验。本研究从2004年2月4日到2008年9月29日,根据经修订的美国国立卫生研究院共识标准,纳入400例接受GIST手术且具有高复发风险的患者,按计划,术后给予伊马替尼口服12或36个月,每天400 mg。主要研究终点是RFS,次要终点包括OS和治疗安全性。最终经中心病理专家复审符合标准者且存在KIT和PDGFRA基因突变的患者共341例,其中175例男性,166例女性,入组时的中位年龄62岁,该研究中位随访时间88个月(范围:0.1~114个月);共274例(80.4%)患者存在KIT基因突变,43例(12.6%)存在PDGFRA基因突变,24例(7%)为野生型,未发现基因突变。PDGFRA突变和KIT-11的插入或重复突变预示RFS延长,而KIT-9突变预后不佳。KIT外显子11缺失或插入-缺失突变者,接受伊马替尼3年辅助治疗者比1年辅助治疗者的RFS更长,5年RFS分别为71%和41.3%(P<0.001),而在其他突变的患者中,3年辅助治疗和1年相比较未发现明显获益。辅助治疗1年组,KIT外显子11缺失涉及557和(或)558密码子者,或者因缺失导致pTrp557-Lys558del者,其RFS更短,但伊马替尼治疗3年组中,则并无明显的RFS差异。同样地,亚组分析KIT外显子11缺失突变者伊马替尼辅助1年组中,核分裂数高于中位数者,其RFS更差,而辅助治疗3年则并无明显的差异。

结果:中位随访时间为119个月。在意向性治疗人群中,记录了194个RFS事件和96个OS事件。在36个月组中,5年和10年RFS率分别为71.4%和52.5%,在12个月组中,RFS分别为53.0%和41.8%(HR=0.66、95%CI 0.49-0.87;P= 0.003)。在36个月组中,5年和10年OS率分别为92.0%和79.0%,在12个月组中,分别为85.5%和65.3%(HR=0.55、95%CI 0.37-0.83;P=0.004)。在有效人群中,排除了15例在中心病理学检查未诊断GIST的患者和24例在手术中切除了腹腔内转移病灶的患者,10年OS率为在36个月组和12个月组分别为81.6%和66.8%(HR=0.50,95%CI 0.32-0.80;P=0.003)。未检测到新的不良反应事件。

结论:3年伊马替尼治疗与1年治疗相比,在手术后的第一个10年可避免约50%的死亡。

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    2020-05-24 站在塔尖

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