ACR 2015:日常饮食可影响类风湿关节炎的发生?

2015-11-10 崔倩 译 MedSci原创

本周发表在美国旧金山风湿病年度会议的两项研究,表现出一个人的饮食可以显著影响人们发生类风湿关节炎的几率。类风湿性关节炎是最常见的影响关节的慢性自体免疫疾病。RA可以使关节损伤和变形,并且具有功能丧失的可能性。RA的原因未知。它影响所有年龄的人,而女性更普遍比男性多。RA会引起疼痛,僵硬和肿胀,通常在多个关节发生。RA可能会影响到任何关节,但手和脚的小关节最常受累。类风湿炎症也可能发展其他器官如肺。

本周发表在美国旧金山风湿病年度会议的两项研究,表现出一个人的饮食可以显著影响人们发生类风湿关节炎的几率。

类风湿性关节炎是最常见的影响关节的慢性自身免疫疾病。RA可以使关节损伤和变形,并且具有功能丧失的可能性。RA的原因未知。它影响所有年龄的人,而女性普遍比男性更多。RA会引起疼痛,僵硬和肿胀,通常在多个关节发生。RA可能会影响到任何关节,但手和脚的小关节最常受累。类风湿炎症也可能发展累及到其他器官如肺。

第一项研究发现,典型的西方饮食中红肉、加工肉、精制谷类、油炸食物、高脂肪乳制品和甜食可以增加一个人患类风湿性关节炎的风险,相比之下,而水果、蔬菜、豆类、全谷物、家禽和鱼类为主要食物的人则风险相对小一些。

“有关饮食对于RA的病因中作用的证据是不一致的,有时是相互矛盾的。根据个人的营养和食物现有的研究可能没有足够的力量来检测小的影响,”该研究的主要作者,布莱根妇女医院和哈佛医学院助理教授Bing Lu解释说。“相反,总体膳食模式分析检查的多种营养素和食物的累积效应,并可能比个别食品或营养更好地预测疾病的风险。单养分的方法可能不足以兼顾养分之间复杂的相互作用和高层次的相互关联,使它难以检查他们的单独的影响。因此,研究人员提出了一个前瞻性的研究,探讨膳食结构的整体效果,以提供关于饮食类风湿性关节炎的病因学和新的信息。”

通过该护理健康研究II,共有116460名25到42岁的女性注册该研究 - Lu博士的研究小组随访了93859名没有RA的女性,她们在1991年和2011年之间每四年填写膳食调查问卷。从这些问卷调查中,研究人员发现其中女性的2种饮食模式:西方型和谨慎型。

在整个研究过程中,平均年龄为49岁的347名女性发生RA。经考虑她们的年龄、吸烟状况、身体质量指数、每一天所消耗的总热量、饮酒、体力活动水平和社会经济因素,这些谨慎型饮食的女性更少发生RA;而在西方饮食则增加了风险,但体重指数削弱了这些发现。“这表明,两种饮食模式对RA风险的影响,可能部分是通过BMI影响的,但机制尚未明确。因此,坚持健康的饮食习惯可能是一个防止这种令人衰弱的疾病的办法,特别是针对高危人群,”Lu博士解释说。

第二项研究的结果显示,跟随美国膳食指南也可以降低一个人发生疾病的几率。据美国农业部,“美国人饮食指南提供权威的建议,减少热量的摄入,需要更加明智地选择食物,以实现和保持健康的体重,减少慢性疾病的风险,整体推进身体健康。”

很少有报道涉及遵循这些原则是否可能会影响发生RA的风险,所以Lu博士的研究小组再次使用的护理健康研究II和食物频率问卷调查,以确定遵循这些原则是否可以减少患RA的风险。

在这项研究中,基于食物频率问卷提供的各种食品的膳食摄入量,健康饮食指数2010用来测量参与者如何遵循的美国(2010年)膳食指南,研究人员观察了研究参与者的饮食和发生RA可能性的联系。

查看1991年至2011年的数据,347名研究对象自我报告RA。研究人员指出,与那些没有遵循指南的参与者相比,那些坚持的膳食指南的美国人(根据替代健康饮食指数2010)发生RA的风险减少了33%。而且,正如在第一项研究中,研究人员指出,身体质量指数可能是连接饮食和类风湿性关节炎风险的一个中间因素。

那些发生RA的患者,215例的RA血清反应阳性(通过抗环瓜氨酸肽或血液中存在的类风湿因子的存在诊断),132例RA阴性(一项RA诊断,但是缺乏明确的验血)。这使得研究人员进一步研究这两个群体之间的差异,他们发现遵循饮食指导方针和发生RA风险之间的关联,那些血清阴性RA比那些阳性的要大。

“第一项研究中,健康的饮食可以预防RA的发生,这是很明显的,因此,我们的团队有兴趣开展进一步的研究来看看为什么饮食与此风险相关,”Lu博士总结道。

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    2015-12-02 三三五五

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