Liver Transpl:儿童肝移植罕见并发症:膈疝

2014-12-18 MedSci MedSci原创

研究背景: 膈疝(diaphragmatic hernia ,DH)是儿童肝移植后罕见的并发症,获得性的DH应该被早期诊断和急诊手术修补,否则将是致命性的。其发病原因包括:横膈的神经损伤、术后腹水、增高的腹内压、移植物大小的不匹配、受体状态、营养不良、损伤修复延迟等。 研究方法: 回归性研究了1989年10月-2013年8月1032例儿童肝移植的临床资料,其中有10例DH患者,评估DH的危险

Figure 1. Computed tomography scan of a right-sided DH. The small and large bowels occupy the right hemithorax.

Figure 2. Surgical repair of a DH.

研究背景:

膈疝(diaphragmatic hernia ,DH)是儿童肝移植后罕见的并发症,获得性的DH应该被早期诊断和急诊手术修补,否则将是致命性的。其发病原因包括:横膈的神经损伤、术后腹水、增高的腹内压、移植物大小的不匹配、受体状态、营养不良、损伤修复延迟等。

研究方法:

回归性研究了1989年10月-2013年8月1032例儿童肝移植的临床资料,其中有10例DH患者,评估DH的危险因素。

研究结果:

1032例患者的肝移植的主要病因为肝外胆道闭锁(EHBA;488人, 47.3%)、急性肝衰竭(ALF; 135人,13.1%)、胆汁淤积性肝病(66人、6.4%)。10例DH患者中有4例EHBA(移植前已行Kasai肝门胆肠吻合),2例新生儿肝炎,1例不明原因的ALF,1例Ⅱ型进行性家族性的肝内胆汁淤积,1例Ⅰ型原发性高草酸盐尿症,1例血管内皮瘤。10例DH患者中7例尸体供肝,3例活体肝移植,移植肝平均重量248±41g,移植受体体重比(graft-to-recipient body weight ratio,GBWR)3.0%±1.22%,平均冷缺血时间510.70±307.67分钟。从肝移植到确诊DH的平均时间3.8±4.5年,DH患者的平均年龄4.9±4.6岁,诊断DH的临床症状包括小肠梗阻(1例),大肠梗阻(3例),持续性咳嗽(1例),发热(1例)、持续性胆汁淤积(1例),1例因探查吻合性胆道狭窄的剖腹手术偶然发现。10例DH内容物包括右结肠(2例),右结肠和小肠(2例),小肠(6例)。

结论:

DH发病的危险因素包括高GBWR,劈裂式肝移植物,年龄小。

原始出处

Cortes M1, Tapuria N, Khorsandi SE, Ibars EP, Vilca-Melendez H, Rela M, Heaton ND.Diaphragmatic hernia after liver transplantation in children: Case series and review of the literature.Liver Transpl. 2014 Dec;

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    2015-02-18 bsmagic9140
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    2015-06-02 丁鹏鹏
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    2014-12-20 syscxl
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J Hepatol:高风险肝源使用量上升与肝移植术后急性肾损伤率增加有关

肝移植手术肝源供需之间的差距日益增大,因此有必要寻找其他措施来扩大供体库。由于等待移植患者群死亡率逐渐攀升,移植计划不得已越来越依赖“放宽肝源供体标准”或采用“高风险”肝源。 美国国家统计证实,老年捐肝者和循环衰竭死亡后捐肝者(DCD)的比例逐年上升,在捐肝者减少的趋势下分别占肝源总数的13%和5%;而英国捐肝者则相对更低、等待移植者死亡率较高,其中29%肝源供体年龄超过60岁,19%肝源来