Nat Med:治疗内脏型肥胖的一个新潜在靶标

2012-05-10 Beyond 生物谷

布朗似乎是供选择的颜色,当它涉及到我们的身体中的脂肪细胞类型。棕色脂肪是消费能量,而与其对应,白色脂肪储存。随着糖尿病和心脏疾病带来的风险增加,似乎在白色脂肪细胞的危险,特别是与内脏脂肪。内脏脂肪是脂肪堆积在腹部周围的器官。 因此,在对肥胖的战斗中,棕色脂肪似乎是我们的朋友,我们的敌人是白色脂肪。 现在布里格姆和妇女医院(BWH)和哈佛医学院的血管疾病预防计划的主任医师Jorge Plutzk

布朗似乎是供选择的颜色,当它涉及到我们的身体中的脂肪细胞类型。棕色脂肪是消费能量,而与其对应,白色脂肪储存。随着糖尿病和心脏疾病带来的风险增加,似乎在白色脂肪细胞的危险,特别是与内脏脂肪。内脏脂肪是脂肪堆积在腹部周围的器官。

因此,在对肥胖的战斗中,棕色脂肪似乎是我们的朋友,我们的敌人是白色脂肪。

现在布里格姆和妇女医院(BWH)和哈佛医学院的血管疾病预防计划的主任医师Jorge Plutzky率领的研究小组已经发现了一种方法,把敌人转化成朋友。

通过操纵体内维生素A转化成维甲酸的代谢途径,Plutzky和他的同事们基本上明确了白色脂肪、棕色脂肪的特点。

这项研究将发表于2012年5月6日,在Nature Medicine上。

维甲酸是源自维生素A代谢的分子,负责调控许多生物功能。其中就有控制脂肪细胞的发育和行动。从一种叫做醛脱氢酶1的酶,或ALDH1A1的帮助下发生维甲酸代谢中的关键一步。研究人员发现,ALDH1A1在人类和小鼠白色脂肪细胞丰富。

当ALDH1A1抑制白色脂肪细胞,这些细胞开始像棕色脂肪细胞那样作用。棕色脂肪的定义特征之一是它能够释放热能。缺乏或是ALDH1A1抑制小鼠变得免受暴露于寒冷。研究人员看到这个经典的棕色脂肪和氧化脂肪(涉及氧气的化学反应),在他们的研究产生热量的能力指标。

研究人员发现,抑制ALDH1A1基因表达的反义分子注入老鼠饮食中后,与正常小鼠相比内脏脂肪变少,体重增加少,降低血糖水平。

棕色脂肪和机制,可能使白色脂肪具有棕色脂肪的特点,Plutzky说:该研究已收到越来越多的关注,作为一个可能的方法来治疗肥胖及其并发症。

据美国疾病控制和预防中心,三分之一的美国成年人属于肥胖。目前,以减少肥胖的方法包括锻炼,饮食疗法,药物和手术。

doi:10.1038/nm.2757
PMC:
PMID:

Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 regulates a thermogenic program in white adipose tissue

Florian W Kiefer,Cecile Vernochet,Patrick O'Brien,Steffen Spoerl,Jonathan D Brown,Shriram Nallamshetty,et al.

Promoting brown adipose tissue (BAT) formation and function may reduce obesity. Recent data link retinoids to energy balance, but a specific role for retinoid metabolism in white versus brown fat is unknown. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (Aldhs), also known as aldehyde dehydrogenases, are rate-limiting enzymes that convert retinaldehyde (Rald) to retinoic acid. Here we show that Aldh1a1 is expressed predominately in white adipose tissue (WAT), including visceral depots in mice and humans. Deficiency of the Aldh1a1 gene induced a BAT-like transcriptional program in WAT that drove uncoupled respiration and adaptive thermogenesis. WAT-selective Aldh1a1 knockdown conferred this BAT program in obese mice, limiting weight gain and improving glucose homeostasis. Rald induced uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) mRNA and protein levels in white adipocytes by selectively activating the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), recruiting the coactivator PGC-1α and inducing Ucp1 promoter activity. These data establish Aldh1a1 and its substrate Rald as previously unrecognized determinants of adipocyte plasticity and adaptive thermogenesis, which may have potential therapeutic implications.

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    2013-03-17 liye789132251
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    2012-05-12 zhaojie88
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