JBJS:胫距跟髓内针治疗后足骨关节炎效果良好

2014-05-13 佚名 丁香园

胫骨骨折是最常见的长骨骨折,畸形愈合及不愈合也最常见。Puno等人注意到因胫骨畸形愈合导致踝关节的力线异常从而引起踝关节的病变;Tarr等人通过尸体研究发现胫骨畸形越靠近远端,对胫距关节的接触影响越大。治疗伴有胫骨畸形愈合的踝关节骨性关节炎的方法很多。必须同时纠正畸形及踝关节炎才能保证良好的效果。 美国费城的学者Justin M. Kane等人对25个病人进行了胫距跟髓内钉一期矫正胫骨畸形愈

胫骨骨折是最常见的长骨骨折,畸形愈合及不愈合也最常见。Puno等人注意到因胫骨畸形愈合导致踝关节的力线异常从而引起踝关节的病变;Tarr等人通过尸体研究发现胫骨畸形越靠近远端,对胫距关节的接触影响越大。治疗伴有胫骨畸形愈合的踝关节骨性关节炎的方法很多。必须同时纠正畸形及踝关节炎才能保证良好的效果。

美国费城的学者Justin M. Kane等人对25个病人进行了胫距跟髓内钉一期矫正胫骨畸形愈合或不愈合,并在JBJS上发表了相关经验。

手术治疗的患者25例患者,19人先前有手术史,平均手术次数是3次,25人中,16人是愈合的成角畸形,4人是畸形愈合+不愈合畸形,5人是没有成角畸形的胫骨不愈合。胫骨内翻和反曲是最主要的畸形(12人)。踝关节骨性关节炎症状包括疼痛、活动受限及被动活动时的触及碎裂感。负重位X片示关节间隙变窄、软骨下硬化及骨赘生成。距下关节及经跗骨关节需分别行临床检查和影像学检查。

所有病人都接受了截骨矫正畸形、植骨(如果有不愈合的情况)、踝关节及距下融合术。近端力线纠正后,接下来行踝及距下关节融合术,经跟骨跖侧向胫骨髓腔内打入逆行髓内针,髓内针至少要超过矫正后的畸形平面5cm。所有病人进行了AOFAS-AH评分(American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot)、VAS疼痛评分。

结果是:

(1)骨不连、截骨位置、融合位置的平均愈合时间是19.5周,所有畸形得以纠正。
(2)术前VAS评分平均8.3分,术后最终随访平均提高了2.8分。术前AOFAS-AH评分平均43分,术后最终随访为88分(88%),较术前平均提高45分。
(3)所有患者无需支具可以着普通鞋跖行着地行走。最终随访时所有患者都没有出现跗横关节或中足关节的骨性关节炎。

使用逆行髓内针行胫距跟关节融合术并不是一个新的概念,现在主要用做踝关节融合失败或关节置换失败伴严重骨缺损、Charcot关节病、类风湿性关节炎、创伤性关节炎、先前的距骨切除术或肿瘤及结核病灶清除后的骨缺损的挽救性保肢治疗。踝关节和距下关节的融合的位置对术后效果和患者舒适程度很重要。


文章报道了使用逆行胫距跟髓内针一期重建伴有踝关节炎的胫骨不愈合或畸形愈合的可行性,证实了可以通过截骨纠正胫骨畸形、通过髓内针固定治疗骨不连以及对踝关节和距下关节可靠融合的能力,可以获得正常后足力线的跖行足。文章推荐同时对距下关节进行融合从而使后足结构保持稳定。到目前为止,没有出现邻近关节疾病的报道。

AOFAS-AH和VAS评分证明这种手术方法是可靠的,可以做为使用外固定架及二期关节融合治疗胫骨不愈合或畸形愈合及后足关节炎的可靠的替代方法。

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    2015-01-27 lisa438
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    2014-07-28 howi
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    2014-05-15 lmm397
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    2014-05-15 qingrejiedu

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