BMJ:盐吃多了高血压、冠心病、脑梗死……如何切实可行地降低国人的盐摄入量?

2022-02-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

减盐可以降低血压,减少心血管疾病的风险。

高盐摄入是一个主要的饮食风险因素,2019年全球约有180万人死亡,4400万残疾调整寿命年。系统回顾和荟萃分析表明,减盐可以降低血压,减少心血管疾病的风险。一些发达国家(如芬兰和英国)已经成功地减少了盐的摄入量,导致人口血压和心血管疾病死亡率的降低。

为了确定基于智能手机应用的教育项目是否能够降低学童及其家庭的盐分摄入量。北京大学领衔国内外多机构专家开展了一项平行、分组随机对照试验,将学校随机分配到干预组或对照组(1:1)。结果发表在BMJ杂志上。

从2018年9月15日至2019年12月27日,在中国北部、中部和南部三个省份的54所小学中纳入三年级592名儿童(308名(52.0%)男孩;平均年龄8.58(标准差0.41)岁)。干预措施 在应用程序的支持下,干预组的儿童接受了有关减盐的教育,并被分配了家庭作业,以鼓励他们的家人参与到减少食盐消费的活动中。主要结果是在12个月的随访中,干预组和对照组的盐摄入量变化的差异。

经过基线评估,297名儿童和594名成年家庭成员(来自27所学校)被分配到干预组,295名儿童和590名成年家庭成员(来自27所学校)被分配到对照组。干预组287名儿童和546名成人(来自27所学校)和对照组278名儿童和526名成人(来自27所学校)完成了12个月的跟踪评估。

基线时,干预组儿童的平均盐摄入量为5.5克/天(标准差1.9),成人为10.0克/天(3.5);对照组儿童为5.6克/天(2.1),成人为10.0克/天(3.6)。在研究期间,干预组和对照组的儿童食盐摄入量都有所增加,但干预组的增幅较小(干预平均效果为-0.25克/天,95%CI:-0.61~0.12,P=0.18)。

在成年人中,干预组和对照组的盐摄入量都有所下降,但干预组的下降幅度更大(平均效果为-0.82克/天,-1.24~-0.40,P<0.001)。对收缩压的平均影响在儿童为-0.76mmHg(-2.37~0.86,P=0.36),在成人为-1.64mmHg(-3.01~-0.27,P=0.02)。

综上,通过小学提供的基于应用程序的教育计划,采用儿童对家长的方法,有效地降低了成人的盐摄入量和收缩压,但对儿童的影响并不明显。

 

参考文献:

App based education programme to reduce salt intake (AppSalt) in schoolchildren and their families in China: parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2022; 376 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-066982

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    2022-12-02 lmm397
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    2022-08-02 gaoxiaoe
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    2022-03-05 shunshun_9

    谢谢,学习了

    0

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    2022-02-21 karmond
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    2022-02-21 查查佳佳

    此,建立一个基于患者表型或基因交

    0

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