EMBO Mol Med:基因编辑技术能**修复EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌基因

2016-01-19 MedSci MedSci原创

来自斯坦福大学医学院的Huibin Tang和Joseph B Shrager在国际学术期刊EMBO Molecular Medicine发表CRISPR/Cas技术的改进与成熟,将这种分子手术方法与传统手术、放疗和/或TKI治疗相结合,将有可能显著提高携带EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌患者的生存率。 Strategy for personalized molecular surgica

来自斯坦福大学医学院的Huibin Tang和Joseph B Shrager在国际学术期刊EMBO Molecular Medicine发表CRISPR/Cas技术的改进与成熟,将这种分子手术方法与传统手术、放疗和/或TKI治疗相结合,将有可能显著提高携带EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌患者的生存率。

Figure 1.

Strategy for personalized molecular surgical therapy to treat EGFR‐mutant lung cancer with CRISPR/Cas9 technology 

在全球范围内,肺癌(LCa)是男性中最常见的类型的癌症。在2015年,约有150000美国人会死于这种疾病。约有85%的肺癌是非小细胞型(NSCLC),包括腺癌和鳞状细胞癌。目前公认的LCa疗法——取决于疾病阶段,包括手术、放疗、和/或靶向/化学疗法。一直以来,非特异性的化疗细胞毒性,都是使用药物来管理癌症的方法长期存在的一大障碍。然而,在EGFR(突变的肺腺癌)中,用TKIs的靶向药物疗法的出现,已经大大减轻了这种担忧。

EGFR是一种跨膜糖蛋白,具有细胞外配体结合域,一个跨膜结构域和一个胞内酪氨酸激酶结构域。配体结合可激活细胞内的酪氨酸激酶,这可通过级联下游信号促进细胞内途径,促进大量的细胞内途径支持癌症表型。这些包括细胞增殖、新生血管形成、侵袭和转移,减少的细胞凋亡,与Warburg效应激活的根本通路。

EGFR酪氨酸激酶的组成性激活,是一种基因突变的结果,在一小部分肺腺癌患者中有过报道。这些EGFR突变在东亚地区的女性患者中更为频繁。最常见的突变是外显子19缺失,以及外显子21的点突变。已有研究开发出来几种药物——如吉非替尼和厄洛替尼,通过与ATP竞争,抑制EGFR的酪氨酸激酶活性。这些药物(TKIs)已成为EGFR突变的转移性NSCLC的一线疗法。虽然TKIs已被证明对于EGFR突变的LCa具有显著的初步疗效,但不幸的是,几乎所有的患者在两年内都对药物产生了耐药性。这种获得性耐药性往往来自于外显子20的二次突变。

CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因编辑是一种强大的新技术,可以对细胞基因组作出精确的变化。这项技术目前在研究实验室中得到了广泛应用,但它尚未在临床上产生影响。在这项研究中,作者提出了这项技术进展的一个潜在的令人兴奋的临床应用——允许个性化的、分子的外科手术,来纠正或破坏突变的EDFR。研究人员在来自患者活检标本的肿瘤中去除了EGFR基因突变,他们发现,EGFR——突变的基因将被传递CRISPR/Cas系统的病毒修复或破坏。

研究人员以最常见的初级和二次EGFR突变,证明了这种方法的可行性。这些建议的基因组DNA“分子手术”,可以一种个性化、并可能永久性的方式,靶定疾病的原因。这种方法可以与传统的手术治疗、放射治疗或化学/靶向治疗相结合。

正如任何治疗方法一样,这种策略可能被其他细胞增殖途径的反馈去抑制所颠覆。然而,在最低限度上,CRISPR/Cas疗法将能阻止二次基因组突变——TKI耐药性的主要原因。巧妙设计的sgRNAs、精细管理潜在的脱靶效应和有效的传递,对于CRISPR/Cas介导的治疗方法成功与否,将是必不可少的。随着CRISPR/Cas技术的改进与成熟,将这种分子手术方法与传统手术、放疗和/或TKI治疗相结合,将有可能显著提高携带EGFR突变的NSCLC患者的生存率。

原始出处:

Tang H, Shrager JB.CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing to treat EGFR-mutant lung cancer: a personalized molecular surgical therapy. EMBO Mol Med. 2016 Jan 8. pii: e201506006. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201506006

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    2016-01-21 liuyiping
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2059526, encodeId=d477205952660, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc599381bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非小细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99381, encryptionId=2cc599381bd, topicName=非小细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e07307, createdName=lingaifan, createdTime=Wed Jul 27 10:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373883, encodeId=93b313e388318, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3644e1286f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71286, encryptionId=3644e1286f1, topicName=癌基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ee7b365, createdName=zhucaizhong7766, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534282, encodeId=f01815342823e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22b3e9887e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GFR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7988, encryptionId=22b3e9887e, topicName=GFR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0a812532020, createdName=liuyiping, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606824, encodeId=64ab1606824bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1630125, encodeId=e4751630125a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d81a4186e3f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因编辑技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41867, encryptionId=d81a4186e3f, topicName=基因编辑技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a10c21466636, createdName=marlenexl, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58454, encodeId=99bb58454e6, content=好东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Wed Jan 20 00:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58399, encodeId=6bbb58399ec, content=好久才出来啊,5年,10年,或者最后就没有了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ad91681314, createdName=没法修改啊, createdTime=Tue Jan 19 18:07:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2059526, encodeId=d477205952660, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc599381bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非小细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99381, encryptionId=2cc599381bd, topicName=非小细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e07307, createdName=lingaifan, createdTime=Wed Jul 27 10:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373883, encodeId=93b313e388318, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3644e1286f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71286, encryptionId=3644e1286f1, topicName=癌基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ee7b365, createdName=zhucaizhong7766, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534282, encodeId=f01815342823e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22b3e9887e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GFR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7988, encryptionId=22b3e9887e, topicName=GFR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0a812532020, createdName=liuyiping, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606824, encodeId=64ab1606824bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1630125, encodeId=e4751630125a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d81a4186e3f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因编辑技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41867, encryptionId=d81a4186e3f, topicName=基因编辑技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a10c21466636, createdName=marlenexl, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58454, encodeId=99bb58454e6, content=好东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Wed Jan 20 00:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58399, encodeId=6bbb58399ec, content=好久才出来啊,5年,10年,或者最后就没有了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ad91681314, createdName=没法修改啊, createdTime=Tue Jan 19 18:07:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-20 jetleo

    好东西

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2059526, encodeId=d477205952660, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc599381bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非小细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99381, encryptionId=2cc599381bd, topicName=非小细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e07307, createdName=lingaifan, createdTime=Wed Jul 27 10:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373883, encodeId=93b313e388318, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3644e1286f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71286, encryptionId=3644e1286f1, topicName=癌基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ee7b365, createdName=zhucaizhong7766, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534282, encodeId=f01815342823e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22b3e9887e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GFR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7988, encryptionId=22b3e9887e, topicName=GFR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0a812532020, createdName=liuyiping, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606824, encodeId=64ab1606824bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1630125, encodeId=e4751630125a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d81a4186e3f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因编辑技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41867, encryptionId=d81a4186e3f, topicName=基因编辑技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a10c21466636, createdName=marlenexl, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58454, encodeId=99bb58454e6, content=好东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Wed Jan 20 00:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58399, encodeId=6bbb58399ec, content=好久才出来啊,5年,10年,或者最后就没有了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ad91681314, createdName=没法修改啊, createdTime=Tue Jan 19 18:07:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-19 没法修改啊

    好久才出来啊,5年,10年,或者最后就没有了

    0

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