Cell:肿瘤干细胞的新生物标志物多巴胺受体

2012-05-25 Beyond 生物谷

一种用于治疗精神分裂症的抗精神病的药物通过帮助癌症干细胞分化成威胁性较低的细胞类型,似乎也作用于癌症干细胞。5月24日的Cell杂志上刊登的一则研究报道:为了寻找能选择性地抑制人类癌症干细胞,研究人员筛选了数百种化合物,这一研究成果可能会很快走上临床试验。 麦克马斯特大学Mickie Bhatia,论文的主要作者说:你必须找到那些能真正选择性作用于癌症干细胞的药物,我们研究工作进行一段时间后,发

一种用于治疗精神分裂症的抗精神病的药物通过帮助癌症干细胞分化成威胁性较低的细胞类型,似乎也作用于癌症干细胞。5月24日的Cell杂志上刊登的一则研究报道:为了寻找能选择性地抑制人类癌症干细胞,研究人员筛选了数百种化合物,这一研究成果可能会很快走上临床试验。

麦克马斯特大学Mickie Bhatia,论文的主要作者说:你必须找到那些能真正选择性作用于癌症干细胞的药物,我们研究工作进行一段时间后,发现很难找到确切的物质。

近30年以来,癌症患者的生存很大程度上是不变的。通过解决数量上少以及化疗耐药的肿瘤干细胞,很多人相信癌症治疗会取得更大成就。

与正常的干细胞不一样,癌症干细胞分化成稳定地、未分化的细胞类型的趋势不明显。Bhatia的研究小组利用癌症干细胞的这种差异性,进行了活性化合物的筛选工作。
 
通过测试数百种化合物,他们确定了近20个潜在的癌症干细胞特异性药物。其中一个似乎最有前途的就是抗精神病药物——硫利达嗪。硫利达嗪是众所周知的针对大脑中的多巴胺受体,治疗精神分裂症的药物。这种药物不会杀死癌症干细胞,但却能促进干细胞分化,从而耗尽细胞的自我更新。
 
研究人员发现,硫利达嗪在杀死白血病干细胞的同时,而不影响正常的血液干细胞。通过比较白血病与正常血细胞的蛋白质,研究人员解释这一药物的特异性。白血病细胞在其表面表达多巴胺受体,但正常的造血干细胞不表达。研究人员还发现多巴胺受体也在一些乳腺癌干细胞上表达。

Bhatia说,这提示我们多巴胺受体可能作为肿瘤干细胞的生物标志物。
 
鉴于研究结果,Bhatia的团队正申请一项旨在FDA批准的硫利达嗪与标准抗癌药物相结合的治疗成人急性髓细胞性白血病的临床试验。

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.049
PMC:
PMID:

Identification of Drugs Including a Dopamine Receptor Antagonist that Selectively Target Cancer Stem Cells

Eleftherios Sachlos, Ruth M. Risue?o, Sarah Laronde, Zoya Shapovalova, Jong-Hee Lee, Jennifer Russell, Monika Malig, Jamie D. McNicol, Aline Fiebig-Comyn, Monica Graham, Marilyne Levadoux-Martin, Jung Bok Lee, Andrew O. Giacomelli, John A. Hassell, Daniela Fischer-Russell, Michael R. Trus, Ronan Foley, Brian Leber, Anargyros Xenocostas, Eric D. Brown, Tony J. Collins, Mickie Bhatia.

Selective targeting of cancer stem cells (CSCs) offers promise for a new generation of therapeutics. However, assays for both human CSCs and normal stem cells that are amenable to robust biological screens are limited. Using a discovery platform that reveals differences between neoplastic and normal human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), we identify small molecules from libraries of known compounds that induce differentiation to overcome neoplastic self-renewal. Surprisingly, thioridazine, an antipsychotic drug, selectively targets the neoplastic cells, and impairs human somatic CSCs capable of in vivo leukemic disease initiation while having no effect on normal blood SCs. The drug antagonizes dopamine receptors that are expressed on CSCs and on breast cancer cells as well. These results suggest that dopamine receptors may serve as a biomarker for diverse malignancies, demonstrate the utility of using neoplastic hPSCs for identifying CSC-targeting drugs, and provide support for the use of differentiation as a therapeutic strategy.

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    2013-02-02 维他命
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