F1000微生物学七大新闻(2011.9.22)

2011-12-05 towersimper 生物谷

嗜肺军团菌,图片来自维基共享资源 1.意外发现新的分子伴侣Spy研究人员在测试基因工程菌大肠杆菌在体内使得不稳定的蛋白质稳定化的能力的过程中,偶然间发现一种新的蛋白分子伴侣Spy,而且该分子伴侣能够抑制蛋白聚集并辅助蛋白重折叠。Spy的塑造不同于其他任何以前研究过的分子伴侣,它能够多达700倍地增加一组不稳定的蛋白突变体的稳态水平。S. Quan et al., “Genetic selec


嗜肺军团菌,图片来自维基共享资源

1.意外发现新的分子伴侣Spy
研究人员在测试基因工程菌大肠杆菌在体内使得不稳定的蛋白质稳定化的能力的过程中,偶然间发现一种新的蛋白分子伴侣Spy,而且该分子伴侣能够抑制蛋白聚集并辅助蛋白重折叠。Spy的塑造不同于其他任何以前研究过的分子伴侣,它能够多达700倍地增加一组不稳定的蛋白突变体的稳态水平。
S. Quan et al., “Genetic selection designed to stabilize proteins uncovers a chaperone called Spy,” Nat Struct Mol Biol, 18:262-69, 2011.

2. 揭示嗜肺军团菌操纵机制
研究人员发现一种造成军团疾病(Legionnaires disease)的细胞内细菌嗜肺军团菌(Legionella pneumophila)采取一种新的方法修饰它感染的细胞中的蛋白以便改变改变细胞膜运输和确保它自己的DNA复制。
S. Mukherjee et al., “Modulation of Rab GTPase function by a protein phosphocholine transferase,” Nature, 477:103-6, 2011.

3. 牛奶中细菌影响表情
一种加工牛奶的共生细菌菌株降低小鼠的焦虑和抑郁类似的行为,改变大脑几个区域中神经递质γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)---与调节生理过程相关联---受体的表达。这一研究暗示也在人胃肠道发现的该细菌可能对人有类似影响。
J.A. Bravo et al., “Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve,” PNAS, 108:16050-55, 2011.

4.炎性体激活辅助者
炎性体(inflammasome)激活天然免疫发炎,但是这些蛋白如何被激活仍然知之甚少。如今研究人员发现人们以前认为发挥非重要作用的称作NAIP的蛋白家族,作为传感器发挥作用,可以特异性地检测几个细菌组分并且激活炎性体。
E.M. Kofoed, R.E. Vance, “Innate immune recognition of bacterial ligands by NAIPs determines inflammasome specificity,” Nature, doi: 10.1038/nature10394, 2011.

5. 新的抗疟疾靶标
很多公司通过靶向疟原虫中植物来源的细胞器--已知对于它的存活发挥着关键性作用---正在努力战胜疟疾药物抗性,但是这个细胞器的实际功能仍不知晓。如今,研究人员证实它产生异戊烷焦磷酸(isopentyle pyrophosphate, IPP),一种对疟原虫在血液阶段存活非常重要的许多分子的前体。这一研究可能对开发抗疟疾药物有着重要的影响。
E. Yeh, J.L Derisi, “Chemical rescue of malaria parasites lacking an apicoplast defines organelle function in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum,” PLoS Biol, 9(8):e1001138, 2011.

6. 自然杀伤细胞导致HIV进化
就像T细胞能够给HIV施加压力让它适应逃避识别,现在自然杀伤细胞似乎也能驱使HIV进化。研究人员在HIV-1毒株中鉴定出多态性,以便阻止特异性自然杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(killer immunoglobulin-like receptor, KIR)激活该杀伤细胞。
G. Alter et al., “HIV-1 adaptation to NK-cell-mediated immune pressure,” Nature, 476:96-100, 2011.

7. 酵母NDT80基因表达能复位年龄
复杂性有机体的细胞有能力从根本上复位它们的年龄,是通过细胞分裂成配子(gamete)的方式进行的,而且这些配子会相互结合产生新的有机体。如今,研究人员已确定至少一种分子组分---酵母NDT80基因---使得这种能力成为可能。在没有正在进行配子发生的酵母细胞中短暂表达NDT80基因也能够使得它们的寿命复位。
E. Unal et al., “Gametogenesis eliminates age-induced cellular damage and resets life span in yeast,”Science, 332:1554-47, 2011.

F1000微生物学七大新闻(Top 7)是为期14天的F1000微生物学领域成员们于2011年9月22日计算出来的微生物学方面评级最高的论文的简要总结。F1000成员们在他们的研究领域对最重要的论文作出评价并评级。如果想要去看看最新的评级情况,可以搜索数据库,阅读每天的评价结果,具体情况访问http://f1000.com。(生物谷Bioon.com:towersimper编译)

本文译自Edyta Zielinska, The Scientist, "Top 7 in Microbiology", September 26, 2011。

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    2012-03-05 wjcjjian
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