一文读懂:抗菌素的肾脏安全性

2018-05-12 李青 李青大夫

肾脏是药物代谢和排泄最重要的器官,也最容易受到药物伤害。近年来抗菌素的使用越来越广泛,其中有些是不合理使用,因而导致抗菌素耐药越来越普遍,用量越来越大,肾损害问题也更加突出,尤其在儿童和老年人发生率更高。

肾脏是药物代谢和排泄最重要的器官,也最容易受到药物伤害。近年来抗菌素的使用越来越广泛,其中有些是不合理使用,因而导致抗菌素耐药越来越普遍,用量越来越大,肾损害问题也更加突出,尤其在儿童和老年人发生率更高。

【肾脏的生理特点】

肾脏由肾小球、肾小管和肾间质组成。肾脏具有以下特点:

1、血流量大:随血流通过肾脏的药物量也相应较多,使肾脏更容易暴露于大量药物的危险之下,更容易产生毒性作用;

2、丰富的微血管:毛细血管内皮细胞与药物有较大的接触面积,抗原-抗体复合物在肾小球内沉积的机会明显增加,更容易发生自身免疫损伤;

3、近曲肾小管具有药物转运功能,药物原形或其代谢产物通过肾小球滤过到肾小管腔后,管腔内药物浓度明显升高,被肾小管上皮细胞回吸收时可直接损伤肾小管上皮细胞;

4、尿液pH值的改变影响药物的溶解度,一些药物在肾小管腔中形成结晶直接损伤肾小管上皮细胞。

【抗菌药物导致肾损害的类型及发病机制】

一般来说,药物导致的肾损害大多损害肾小管和肾间质。抗菌素导致肾损害的主要机制包括两个方面,一是抗菌素的直接毒性,二是药物诱发的免疫损伤。此外,抗菌素和肾脏的关系还表现在,肾功能下降后,某些抗菌素通过肾脏的排泄障碍而在体内蓄积,引发其他问题。

1、抗菌素对肾脏的直接损伤

抗菌素对肾脏有直接损伤作用,包括导致肾脏缺血、损伤肾小管上皮细胞、堵塞肾小管管腔等。常见于氨基糖苷类、两性霉素、磺胺类等。

在肾功能正常的患者,大部分抗菌素常规剂量用药一般不会发生肾损害。但是,当患者有明显脱水、低血压、已有肾功能损害或老年人等情况下,药物肾损伤的机会将大大增加。常见的高危因素有:

①老年患者;

糖尿病

③脱水、低血压;

④钠、钙缺失;

⑤酸中毒;

⑥同时使用利尿剂;

⑦与其他肾毒性药物比如非甾体类抗炎药(退烧药)等合用。

2、抗菌素引起的免疫或过敏损伤

包括急、慢性间质性肾炎和肾小管间质性肾炎。此类肾损害并非药物直接对肾脏产生毒性损害,而是一种类似于过敏的免疫损伤,多数与药物剂量无关。多见于青霉素类、头孢类、利福平。

某些抗菌素作为一种半抗原,进入人体后与某种组织蛋白结合形成抗原,诱发机体超敏反应导致肾小管间质炎症,当再次接触相同药物或同类药物可再次发生本病。

某些急性间质性肾炎,患者血清IgE水平升高,在肾间质浸润细胞中嗜碱性、嗜酸性粒细胞及含有IgE的浆细胞,这些现象提示IgE介导的速发型超敏变态反应参与了本病致病。

此类损伤的临床表现为,一般于用药后2周出现发热、关节痛、皮疹,表现为非少尿型急性肾衰竭伴肾小管性蛋白尿,肉眼血尿或镜下血尿,尿中和外周血嗜酸粒细胞增多。病理变化主要为肾间质水肿,弥漫性淋巴细胞、单核细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。病程后期可出现小管萎缩,间质纤维化。药物所致的急性间质性肾炎一般预后良好,但如果不能及时诊断、治疗,可以发生慢性肾功能衰竭。

【常见抗菌素损伤的机制】

抗菌素是一种具有杀灭或抑制细菌生长的药物。临床常用的抗菌素包括:β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类、林可霉素类、多肽类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类、抗结核药、抗真菌药及其他抗生素。容易导致肾损害的抗菌素包括:

一、氨基糖苷类:

常用的有阿米卡星、妥布霉素、庆大霉素、奈替米星、西索米星及链霉素等。这类药物抗菌作用强,价格低廉,临床应用很广泛,因而导致的肾损伤非常广泛。

此类药物可导致急性肾小管坏死。

氨基糖苷类几乎百分之百以原形从尿中排出,并对肾脏产生毒性作用。多数学者认为氨基糖苷类的肾毒性与其所含的游离氨基数有关,游离氨基的数目越多,肾毒性越大。链霉素只有2个游离氨基,肾毒性最小;卡那霉素、阿米卡星、庆大霉素都具有4个游离氨基,其毒性较大;而新霉素具有6个游离氨基,肾毒性也最大。

目前,新霉素因肾毒性太强已被禁止使用;卡那霉素在儿科正常用量,5~7天即可引起肾损害;庆大霉素仍在使用,据报道,6%~18%急性肾衰是由庆大霉素所致,应引起重视。

2012年KDIGO(改善全球肾脏病预后组织)《急性肾损伤临床指南》建议:对每日多次剂量给予氨基糖苷类药物超过24小时的病人,进行血药浓度监测;对每日单次剂量给予氨基糖苷类药物超过48小时的病人,进行血药浓度监测。

二、抗真菌药:



包括两性霉素B,氟康唑,伊曲康唑及5-氟胞嘧啶等。

肾毒性最常见的是两性霉素B。观察发现,应用两性霉素B的患者80%以上都会发生肾脏不良反应,表现为肾功能损害、多尿、低钾、低镁血症等。

两性霉素B主要通过收缩肾小球入球小动脉和出球小动脉,引起肾血流量下降而导致肾损伤及肾小球滤过率下降。如果使用时剂量过大或浓度过高或滴速过快,导致短时间内药物在肾皮质内大量积聚,肾血流灌注急剧减少,可导致急性肾功能衰竭。

三、多肽类:

包括多粘菌素B,多粘菌素E,万古霉素,去甲万古霉素等。

多粘菌素B和多粘菌素E主要从肾脏排泄,在肾功能下降时,两药的消除半衰期明显延长。全身给药剂量过大或时间过长可出现肾脏毒性,尤其是原已有肾脏疾患则更易产生。主要表现蛋白尿、管型尿、血尿及尿素氮上升,及时停药一般可恢复。

万古霉素80%~90%以原形从肾脏排泄。清除半衰期成人为5~11小时,当肾功能衰竭时,半衰期将延至7天以上,故肾功能衰竭患者用药需增大间隔时间,并进行血药浓度监测。本药是否有肾毒性尚无一致意见,但在用药期间应定时监测肾功能。

四、β-内酰胺类:

包括青霉素类、头孢菌素类、新型β-内酰胺类等。

此类药物一般没有直接肾毒性,而是诱发自身免疫损伤。

1、青霉素类:包括青霉素G,双氯青霉素,阿莫西林,哌拉西林,阿洛西林、美洛西林等。

青霉素在体内存留的时间短,通过肾脏后随尿液排泄出去,一般不会在身体蓄积而产生直接肾毒性。青霉素类导致的肾损伤类似于过敏反应,绝大部分患者发生在用药后2~3周,也可在1~2 月不等,容易误诊。

2、头孢菌素类:

第一代:包括头孢噻吩,头孢氨苄,头孢唑林,头孢拉定等;

第二代:包括头孢呋辛,头孢克罗,头孢替安,头孢西丁等;

第三代:包括头孢他定,头孢噻肟,头孢哌酮,头孢地嗪,头孢克肟等;

第四代:包括头孢匹罗,头孢吡肟,头孢唑喃等。

新型β-内酰胺类:包括亚胺培南,帕尼培南,美洛培南,氨曲南等。

第一代头孢菌素类肾毒性最大,其中头孢拉定因为经常引起血尿而被国家药品不良反应监测中心通报多次。第二代及以上头孢菌素肾毒性明显减少。

五、磺胺类:

包括复方新诺明等。

磺胺类药物的乙酰化代谢产物容易在肾小管形成结晶而堵塞肾小管,导致肾小管坏死。多发生在血容量不足、原有肾脏病变、药物过量或特定的尿pH值情况下。

磺胺类抗菌素因其肾毒性已被踢出市场。

六、喹诺酮类:

包括诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、氟罗沙星、依洛沙星、洛美沙星、司帕沙星、格雷沙星、曲伐沙星等。

喹诺酮类药少量在肝脏代谢经粪便排出,大多数主要是以原形经肾脏排出。此类药物可在肾小管产生结晶,尤其在碱性尿中更易发生。

七、抗结核药:

常用的有异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺、乙胺丁醇等。

利福平导致急性肾功能衰竭多有报道,发生机制为变态反应(过敏反应),与剂量无关。

国外的一项调查发现,某感染病房使用不同抗菌药物后出现急性肾损害,发生率最高的是两性霉素B,13例中有10例出现急性肾损伤。其他出现率超过10%的有:庆大霉素、阿米卡星、头孢曲松+庆大霉素、头孢唑林+庆大霉素、万古霉素+头孢曲松、万古霉素+阿米卡星、氯唑西林+庆大霉素、头孢他啶+阿米卡星、两性霉素B+头孢曲松、两性霉素B+万古霉素±头孢曲松。

该认为,在感染病房中,使用氨基糖苷类、万古霉素、两性霉素B或含有以上药物的联合治疗方案者出现急性肾损伤的比率较高;同时合并有糖尿病高血压以及长期使用其他常见的肾损害药物(如非甾体抗炎药物、ACEI类降压药物或利尿剂等)也是感染病房中出现急性肾损伤的高危因素。

细菌感染,应该积极治疗,但药物的安全性,也应该考虑。对肾脏而言,没有哪一种抗菌素是绝对安全的。所以说,对细菌感染的治疗,一定要严格掌握用药的适应症和禁忌症,严格按照规范用药,在获得疗效的同时,尽量避免危害的发生。

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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Mon May 14 01:15:06 CST 2018, time=2018-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314872, encodeId=ccd13148e216, content=学习学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Mon May 14 01:15:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330725, encodeId=d8a81330e259f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank 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10:25:21 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314705, encodeId=e300314e051b, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRk75KAEKrLGic0S0IvH1aNynsEFQWiaNKdtzvtwj2kafCoPg2icYVbrfBCFiaS74X1uEiaaTTY1H9Xyem/0, createdBy=cec11614828, createdName=chunjianf, createdTime=Sun May 13 09:09:35 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314423, encodeId=776d314423b1, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/09/29/f581e00d39a7dec90a276080e5aab7f9.jpg, createdBy=98892036592, createdName=蜗牛快跑, createdTime=Sat May 12 10:41:11 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314416, encodeId=593b31441647, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sat May 12 09:29:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-16 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

  3. 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10:25:21 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314705, encodeId=e300314e051b, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRk75KAEKrLGic0S0IvH1aNynsEFQWiaNKdtzvtwj2kafCoPg2icYVbrfBCFiaS74X1uEiaaTTY1H9Xyem/0, createdBy=cec11614828, createdName=chunjianf, createdTime=Sun May 13 09:09:35 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314423, encodeId=776d314423b1, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/09/29/f581e00d39a7dec90a276080e5aab7f9.jpg, createdBy=98892036592, createdName=蜗牛快跑, createdTime=Sat May 12 10:41:11 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314416, encodeId=593b31441647, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sat May 12 09:29:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-14 lihan5231219

    学习了

    0

  4. 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createdBy=98892036592, createdName=蜗牛快跑, createdTime=Sat May 12 10:41:11 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314416, encodeId=593b31441647, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sat May 12 09:29:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-14 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

  5. 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10:25:21 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314705, encodeId=e300314e051b, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRk75KAEKrLGic0S0IvH1aNynsEFQWiaNKdtzvtwj2kafCoPg2icYVbrfBCFiaS74X1uEiaaTTY1H9Xyem/0, createdBy=cec11614828, createdName=chunjianf, createdTime=Sun May 13 09:09:35 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314423, encodeId=776d314423b1, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/09/29/f581e00d39a7dec90a276080e5aab7f9.jpg, createdBy=98892036592, createdName=蜗牛快跑, createdTime=Sat May 12 10:41:11 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314416, encodeId=593b31441647, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sat May 12 09:29:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-14 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习学习

    0

  6. 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  7. 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10:25:21 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314705, encodeId=e300314e051b, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRk75KAEKrLGic0S0IvH1aNynsEFQWiaNKdtzvtwj2kafCoPg2icYVbrfBCFiaS74X1uEiaaTTY1H9Xyem/0, createdBy=cec11614828, createdName=chunjianf, createdTime=Sun May 13 09:09:35 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314423, encodeId=776d314423b1, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/09/29/f581e00d39a7dec90a276080e5aab7f9.jpg, createdBy=98892036592, createdName=蜗牛快跑, createdTime=Sat May 12 10:41:11 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314416, encodeId=593b31441647, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sat May 12 09:29:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-13 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习学习

    0

  8. 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10:25:21 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314705, encodeId=e300314e051b, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRk75KAEKrLGic0S0IvH1aNynsEFQWiaNKdtzvtwj2kafCoPg2icYVbrfBCFiaS74X1uEiaaTTY1H9Xyem/0, createdBy=cec11614828, createdName=chunjianf, createdTime=Sun May 13 09:09:35 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314423, encodeId=776d314423b1, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/09/29/f581e00d39a7dec90a276080e5aab7f9.jpg, createdBy=98892036592, createdName=蜗牛快跑, createdTime=Sat May 12 10:41:11 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314416, encodeId=593b31441647, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sat May 12 09:29:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-13 chunjianf

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

  9. 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10:25:21 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314705, encodeId=e300314e051b, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRk75KAEKrLGic0S0IvH1aNynsEFQWiaNKdtzvtwj2kafCoPg2icYVbrfBCFiaS74X1uEiaaTTY1H9Xyem/0, createdBy=cec11614828, createdName=chunjianf, createdTime=Sun May 13 09:09:35 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314423, encodeId=776d314423b1, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/09/29/f581e00d39a7dec90a276080e5aab7f9.jpg, createdBy=98892036592, createdName=蜗牛快跑, createdTime=Sat May 12 10:41:11 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314416, encodeId=593b31441647, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sat May 12 09:29:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-12 蜗牛快跑

    学习了

    0

  10. 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createdBy=98892036592, createdName=蜗牛快跑, createdTime=Sat May 12 10:41:11 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314416, encodeId=593b31441647, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sat May 12 09:29:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-12 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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