AAP发布与产前酒精暴露有关的儿童神经行为障碍(ND-PAE)指南

2016-10-05 Mechront 译 MedSci原创

与产前酒精暴露有关的神经行为障碍(ND-PAE)属于胎儿酒精谱系障碍(FASD),还包括了胎儿酒精综合征(FAS),部分FAS和酒精有关的出生缺陷。 ND-PAE诊断标准的基础: 美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)报告称,在妊娠最后30天内,10.2%的孕妇有饮酒史,3.1%的孕妇酗酒。最近的研究估计,美国学龄期儿童中,2%到5%的儿童存在FASD,并且绝大部分儿童没有得到诊断。此外,宫内

与产前酒精暴露有关的神经行为障碍(ND-PAE)属于胎儿酒精谱系障碍(FASD),还包括了胎儿酒精综合征(FAS),部分FAS和酒精有关的出生缺陷。

ND-PAE诊断标准的基础:

美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)报告称,在妊娠最后30天内,10.2%的孕妇有饮酒史,3.1%的孕妇酗酒。最近的研究估计,美国学龄期儿童中,2%到5%的儿童存在FASD,并且绝大部分儿童没有得到诊断。此外,宫内暴露酒精的儿童中,有25%的存在FASD特征。

2011年,美国国家酒精滥用与酒精中毒研究所和CDC组织一系列研究人员,评估缺乏物理特征的FASDs。他们发现,这一人群的三个主要特征是神经认知、自我调节和适应性功能。这些特征成为了ND-PAE的诊断基础。

ND-PAE的诊断:

来自佛蒙特大学医学院的Joseph H. Hagan Jr.博士指出:如果孩子出现神经认知损害、自我调节损害和、两个适应性功能损害、宫内酒精暴露量超过最小剂量(孕期每月饮酒≥13杯)、其他原因不能解释(如遗传或畸形综合征),则可以诊断为ND-PAE。

神经认知功能损害包括全脑损害、执行功能障碍、学习/记忆、视觉空间推理存在问题。这些都可以通过标准化测试、临床观察或临床病史进行评估。约86%的FASDs个体,其平均智商处于下限边缘。

自我调节障碍包括情绪或行为调节困难、注意缺陷等。情绪和行为调节问题的早期症状包括睡眠问题、婴儿不适的严重反应、幼儿长发脾气、外化行为的发生率增加、对稍大一点儿童的严重应激反应。

非常年轻儿童高的适应性功能损害可能发生在沟通、社会沟通和互动、日常生活技能或运动技能。

ND-PAE得鉴别诊断是困难的,因为每个孩子的表现并不一样;可能会存在精神发育迟滞、睡眠异常、反应性依恋障碍、焦虑、创伤后应激障碍、对立违抗性障碍、语言障碍、学习障碍、抑郁症、躁郁症、自闭症和某些恐惧症的一些特征。

ND-PAE的管理:


特异性和有针对性的早期干预是最有效的;而通用的特殊教育和支持服务,也可以改善结局。目前还没有适应于ND-PAE的药物。

婴儿或学龄前儿童,早期干预可能会专注于发综合发展技能对于年龄较大的学龄儿童,传统的心理健康和基于洞察力的疗法可能会更有帮助。

原始出处:


AAP researchers release guidelines on new pediatric neurobehavioral disorder
.Healio.October 4, 2016

Hagan JF Jr., et al. Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.Pediatrics. 2016;doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1553.

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    2017-04-29 ylz8410
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    2016-10-12 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,受益

    0

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    2016-10-10 meiliwuxian

    有木有中国的数据呢?

    0

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    2016-10-07 qilu_qi
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    2016-10-05 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    了解了解!

    0

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    2016-10-05 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    学习了,分享一下!

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