Curr Biol :“密恐”、强迫症有治了!科学家开发出非侵入性疗法,可直接修改记忆、删除恐惧

2020-08-02 探索菌 生物探索

一项研究报告带来了一项治疗恐惧症的创新性疗法。博洛尼亚大学的研究人员开发了一种新的非侵入性实验方案,只需要让患者大脑接受一次“磁刺激”,就能够消除“消除”由一些事物引起的恐惧感。

生活中,每个人都有自己的“弱点”,比如来自北方的大汉可能被南方的蟑螂吓哭,一米六的萌妹可能是个见不得未读消息红点的强迫症患者,除此之外,还有各种“恐高”、怕黑、晕针等令部分人“闻风丧胆”的恐惧类别。

近日,《Current Biology》杂志发布的一项研究报告带来了一项治疗恐惧症的创新性疗法。博洛尼亚大学的研究人员开发了一种新的非侵入性实验方案,只需要让患者大脑接受一次“磁刺激”,就能够消除“消除”由一些事物引起的恐惧感。

该报告的第一作者、博洛尼亚大学心理学系研究员Sara Borgomaneri说:“这项研究对理解记忆的工作方式具有重要意义。它甚至可能导致开发新的疗法来处理创伤性记忆。”

多年来,科研人员一直在探索消除不良记忆的方法。记忆整合过程是改变此前记忆的一个契机,在这个过程中,大脑检索到的记忆会暂时恢复为不稳定并能够进行修改的状态。尽管此前人们尝试用药理学和行为疗法来破坏记忆整合,但是关于大脑记忆整合的潜在机制仍然成谜。

背外侧前额叶皮质(dlPFC)是控制记忆检索和重新激活记忆的关键部位。在这项试验中,研究人员首先通过让参与者接触一些令人不快的刺激与图像来创建厌恶记忆,在第二天观察他们对相同刺激的反应,并在10分钟后给予15分钟的重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS,一种无痛、无创的绿色治疗方法),从而改变dlPFC区域神经活动的磁场。

结果表明,尽管经TMS治疗的参与者在恐惧记忆被激活后仍能回忆起相应事物,但是心理上的不适感显着降低,并且在治疗后恐惧感也没有恢复。同时,rTMS对dlPFC的影响随着时间的推移而变化,并依赖于记忆的重新激活。这些结果表明,在记忆再巩固过程中,对大脑进行无创刺激从而直接修改记忆是可行的。

尽管没有评估rTMS在记忆再整合过程结束后的治疗效果,这项研究仍然给治疗恐惧症、成瘾、创伤后应激障碍、强迫症等疾病带来了新的希望。

该试验的参与者之一、博洛尼亚大学心理学系Giuseppe di Pellegrino教授说:“这项试验表明,改变潜在的创伤性记忆的持久性是可行的。我们正在研究一种新技术,该技术可以在不同的情况下使用,并且可以承担多种功能,从治疗创伤后应激障碍开始,这将是我们接下来研究的重点。”

原始出处:

Sara Borgomaneri, Simone Battaglia, Sara Garofalo, et al.State-Dependent TMS over Prefrontal Cortex Disrupts Fear-Memory Reconsolidation and Prevents the Return of Fear.Curr Biol. 2020 Jul 23;S0960-9822(20)30943-X. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.091.

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