Nature:研究发现Ras癌细胞依赖巨胞饮维持生长

2013-05-15 Nature 生物360

近日,纽约大学医学院的研究人员在一项具有里程碑意义的癌症新研究中,揭开了一个长期未解的谜团:胰腺癌是如何养活自身的?从而为这一众所周知、少有治疗选择的致命性疾病开辟了新的治疗可能性。这项最新研究发现了这一难对付的疾病盔甲上一条可能的缝隙。许多的癌症,包括胰腺癌、肺癌和结肠癌都已Ras蛋白突变为特征,Ras在一个复杂的驱动癌细胞生长和增殖的连锁反应起至关重要的作用。众所周知,为了生长和生存,Ras癌

近日,纽约大学医学院的研究人员在一项具有里程碑意义的癌症新研究中,揭开了一个长期未解的谜团:胰腺癌是如何养活自身的?从而为这一众所周知、少有治疗选择的致命性疾病开辟了新的治疗可能性。

这项最新研究发现了这一难对付的疾病盔甲上一条可能的缝隙。

许多的癌症,包括胰腺癌、肺癌和结肠癌都已Ras蛋白突变为特征,Ras在一个复杂的驱动癌细胞生长和增殖的连锁反应起至关重要的作用。众所周知,为了生长和生存,Ras癌细胞具有特殊的营养需求。然而直到现在对于Ras细胞是如何应对,从而真正满足它们的特别营养需求的机制仍知之甚少。

在这项研究中,研究人员首次揭示了Ras癌细胞利用巨胞饮(macropinocytosis)过程,吞噬白蛋白(albumin),并随后利用其生成生长必需氨基酸的机制。

研究结果表明,Ras癌细胞尤其依赖于巨胞饮维持生长和生存。当研究人员在胰腺癌小鼠中,采用一种化学药物阻断通过巨胞饮过程摄取白蛋白,肿瘤停止了生长,在某些情况下肿瘤甚至缩小。此外,小鼠中的胰腺癌细胞相比正常小鼠细胞显示具有更多巨胞饮小体( macropinosome)。巨胞饮小体是一种将养分深入输送到细胞中的囊泡。

研究人员表示,发现某些癌细胞所特有的这种“蛋白进食”机制,为开发出能够阻断这一吞食过程,且不会对健康细胞造成继发性损害的药物创造了条件,并提出了将化疗药物运送至癌细胞核心的新方法。这项工作提供了与靶向癌症代谢完全不同的一条新途径。

癌细胞相关的拓展阅读:


Macropinocytosis of protein is an amino acid supply route in Ras-transformed cells

Macropinocytosis is a highly conserved endocytic process by which extracellular fluid and its contents are internalized into cells through large, heterogeneous vesicles known as macropinosomes. Oncogenic Ras proteins have been shown to stimulate macropinocytosis but the functional contribution of this uptake mechanism to the transformed phenotype remains unknown1, 2, 3. Here we show that Ras-transformed cells use macropinocytosis to transport extracellular protein into the cell. The internalized protein undergoes proteolytic degradation, yielding amino acids including glutamine that can enter central carbon metabolism. Accordingly, the dependence of Ras-transformed cells on free extracellular glutamine for growth can be suppressed by the macropinocytic uptake of protein. Consistent with macropinocytosis representing an important route of nutrient uptake in tumours, its pharmacological inhibition compromises the growth of Ras-transformed pancreatic tumour xenografts. These results identify macropinocytosis as a mechanism by which cancer cells support their unique metabolic needs and point to the possible exploitation of this process in the design of anticancer therapies.

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    2014-04-24 liye789132251
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    2013-05-17 yxch36

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