CTM:复旦大学黄国英、马端团队发现先天性心脏病新易感基因

2022-09-06 生物世界 生物世界

先天性心脏病(Congenital Heart Disease,CHD)是最常见的出生缺陷,在活产新生儿中的发病率约为1%,也是胎儿宫内死亡的主要原因【1】。大多数 CHD 属于复杂性疾病,遗传变异在

先天性心脏病(Congenital Heart Disease,CHD)是最常见的出生缺陷,在活产新生儿中的发病率约为1%,也是胎儿宫内死亡的主要原因【1】。大多数 CHD 属于复杂性疾病,遗传变异在其发生中起重要作用。目前已发现部分 CHD 易感基因,但仍有70%以上的病例遗传学病因未明【2】。

WD重复结构域62(WDR62)属于 WD40 重复结构域蛋白家族,在细胞分裂期间定位于纺锤体微管上,参与中心粒的复制和纺锤体的组装。以往研究表明 WDR62 基因突变及表达异常与小头畸形、生殖系统疾病和癌症有关【3】,但 WDR62 是否与 CHD 有关未见报道。WDR62基因突变是导致小头症的第二大主因,WDR62也被称为小头畸形蛋白。见:Cell Rep:小颅畸形症可能与WDR62基因有关Blood:Wdr26调控红细胞成熟过程中的去核。另外,武汉姜恺教授认为WDR62与微管切割蛋白katanin形成复合物,从而影响到人体多个部位的发育。

近日,复旦大学附属儿科医院黄国英教授和复旦大学基础医学院马端教授团队在 Clinical and Translational Medicine(Q1区)期刊发表了题为:WDR62 variants contribute to congenital heart disease by inhibiting cardiomyocyte proliferation 的研究论文。

研究团队通过全外显子组关联分析结合多重 PCR 靶向测序,在大样本散发 CHD 病例中发现 WDR62 具有较高的变异频率;体内外实验证实 WDR62 缺陷通过影响细胞周期和纺锤体组装抑制心肌细胞增殖;从而确认了 WDR62 是 CHD 新的易感基因。

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法洛四联症(Tetralogy of Fallot,TOF)是最常见的紫绀型 CHD,严重威胁患儿生命和健康。该团队首先对37例 TOF 患者和208例来自千人基因组计划的汉族对照人群进行了全外显子组关联分析,并对另外200例 TOF 患者进行了一代测序验证,共发现7个 WDR62 编码区变异,斑马鱼实验证明它们均为功能丧失型变异。

 

进一步的小鼠模型研究发现,WDR62 在胎鼠心脏发育早期的流出道及右心室心肌细胞中高表达,敲除 WDR62 后小鼠表现出流出道畸形、右心室发育不全和室间隔缺损。为了观察 WDR62 变异在不同类型 CHD 中的遗传贡献,研究团队又对1083例与基因敲除小鼠相似心脏表型的 CHD 患者进行了多重 PCR 靶向测序。最终在总共1320例 CHD 患者中发现 WDR62 变异频率达到6%。

 

鉴于在心肌细胞系和小鼠模型中均发现 WDR62 缺陷导致心肌细胞的细胞周期异常和多纺锤体极细胞比例增加,研究团队又继续探索了其中的分子机制,结果发现 WDR62 可调控心脏发育及心肌细胞增殖相关基因的表达,并可与有丝分裂激酶 AURKA 结合。WDR62 缺陷减弱了其与 AURKA 在纺锤体极上的结合,减少了 AURKA 的磷酸化,使得 WDR62 和 AURKA 共同调控的细胞周期和纺锤体组装相关靶基因的表达减少。

 

图片

 

总而言之,该研究首次发现 WDR62 是 CHD 新的易感基因,而且阐释了 WDR62 可通过调控心肌细胞中纺锤体组装和细胞周期从而参与心脏发育。本研究的发现,有望用于 TOF 等部分严重复杂类型 CHD 早期分子诊断,指导优生优育。

 

复旦大学附属儿科医院郝丽丽、复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院马竞为该论文共同第一作者,复旦大学附属儿科医院黄国英教授、复旦大学基础医学院马端教授为该论文共同通讯作者。该研究受到国家重点研发计划和国家自然科学基金等项目的资助。

 

论文链接

https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.941

 

[1].  Liu Y, Chen S, Zühlke L, et al. Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970-2017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies. International journal of epidemiology 2019;48:455-463.

[2]. Russell MW, Chung WK, Kaltman JR, Miller TA. Advances in the Understanding of the Genetic Determinants of Congenital Heart Disease and Their Impact on Clinical Outcomes. Journal of the American Heart Association 2018;7.

[3]. Shohayeb B, Lim NR, Ho U, et al. The Role of WD40-Repeat Protein 62 (MCPH2) in Brain Growth: Diverse Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Required for Cortical Development. Molecular neurobiology 2018;55:5409-5424.

 

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    2022-07-12 huirong
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    2022-07-12 saikp

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