JAMA Pediatr:儿童自杀率看似稳定的背后

2015-05-21 MedSci MedSci原创

 自杀已经成为了一项重要的公共卫生关注问题。在2012年,自杀是年龄在12-19岁的青少年中第二高的致死原因。尽管在青春期之前自杀率较低,但自杀仍然是5-11岁儿童致死的排名第十一的原因,这对于一个家庭来说,无疑会带来致命性的打击。 研究人员利用从1993年1月1日到2012年12月31日的二十年间的美国5-11岁儿童死亡率数据,研究儿童自杀特点和最近的发展趋势。每五年的数据作

自杀已经成为了一项重要的公共卫生关注问题。在2012年,自杀是年龄在12-19岁的青少年中第二高的致死原因。尽管在青春期之前自杀率较低,但自杀仍然是5-11岁儿童致死的排名第十一的原因,这对于一个家庭来说,无疑会带来致命性的打击。

研究人员利用从1993年1月1日到2012年12月31日的二十年间的美国5-11岁儿童死亡率数据,研究儿童自杀特点和最近的发展趋势。每五年的数据作为一个阶段进行分析,即1993-1997年、1998-2002年、2003-2007年和2008-2012年。主要的监测指标为自杀数量和暴力自杀比例。研究人员使用负二项回归发生率比值(IRR)来估计自杀率的阶段性趋势。年龄在5-11岁的657名儿童中,1993-1997年间和2008-2012年间的总自杀率基本维持稳定(1.18和1.09每百万人;IRR=0.96;95%CI,0.90-1.03)。然而自杀率在黑人儿童中上升十分显著(从1.36上升至2.54每百万人;IRR=1.27;95%CI,1.11-1.45),白人儿童自杀率则出现下降(从1.14下降至0.77每百万人;IRR=0.86;95%CI,0.79-0.94)。总的使用枪械自杀率(IRR=0.69)以及白人男孩的使用枪械自杀率(IRR=0.72)在研究期间出现了显著的下降。黑人男孩自缢或者窒息的自杀率出现显著上升(IRR=1.35)。但是,在研究期间,通过自缢或者窒息的自杀率的总体变化并没有改变。

此次研究分析过去二十年间美国5-11岁学龄儿童的自杀情况。尽管总的自杀率较为稳定,但却掩盖住了黑人儿童自杀率上升而白人儿童自杀率下降的事实。研究表明了潜在的种族差异需要引起公众的重视。仍需要进一步的研究来监控发展趋势并确定相关风险以及提供保护、预防措施。

原始出处:

Bridge JA, Asti L, Horowitz LM, et al. Suicide Trends Among Elementary School–Aged Children in the United States From 1993 to 2012JAMA Pediatr. Published online May 18, 2015. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0465.

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    2015-07-05 feather89
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    2015-05-26 ktorresjie

    **问题在人群中的分布是有差异性的,所以探讨其背后的社会影响因素,促进干预预防才有意义

    0

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