BMJ：黑色巧克力或可降低心血管疾病发病风险

每天食用黑色巧克力可以降低心脏病、中风患者以及代谢综合征的病人心血管的发病风险。(Credit: © Jeremy TAMISIER / Fotolia)

近日，刊登在国际杂志British Medical Journal上的一项研究报告指出，每天食用黑色巧克力可以降低心脏病、中风患者以及代谢综合征的病人心血管的发病风险。心血管疾病是世界范围内导致死亡的主要原因。黑色巧克力（至少有60%可可粉）富含黄酮类化合物，被认为可以起到保护心脏的作用，但是目前研究者正在研究其具体的作用。

来自澳大利亚墨尔本的研究小组用数学模型来预测食用黑色巧克力所带来的健康效应，研究者研究了2013名有高风险心脏疾病的参与者，研究其每日使用黑色巧克力所带来了的长期的健康效应和成本效率。所有的参与者均有高血压，而且面临着代谢综合征，但是它们没有心脏疾病以及肥胖的历史。研究者揭示，100%顺从度的情况下，在十年间每10000个人群中，每天使用黑色巧克力都会面对70个非致命和15个致命的心血管事件。顺从度降低到80%的时候，非致死的为55例，致死的为10例。

研究者指出，他们只是针对非致死的中风和非致死的心脏病进行了分析，他们还表示，黑色巧克力的保护效应相比牛奶和白色巧克力而言，取决于其含有的高水平的黄酮类化合物。然而虽然如此，研究者总结道，黑色巧克力带来的血压和胆固醇降低的效应依然可以成为代谢综合征人群的一种有效而且非常有价值的治疗策略。

编译自：http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120531200822.htm

doi:10.1136/bmj.e3657
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The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of dark chocolate consumption as prevention therapy in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease: best case scenario analysis using a Markov model

Ella Zomer, PhD student1, Alice Owen, senior research fellow1, Dianna J Magliano, senior research fellow2, Danny Liew, professor3, Christopher M Reid, professor1

Objective To model the long term effectiveness and cost effectiveness of daily dark chocolate consumption in a population with metabolic syndrome at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Design Best case scenario analysis using a Markov model. Setting Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study. Participants 2013 people with hypertension who met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, with no history of cardiovascular disease and not receiving antihypertensive therapy. Main outcome measures Treatment effects associated with dark chocolate consumption derived from published meta-analyses were used to determine the absolute number of cardiovascular events with and without treatment. Costs associated with cardiovascular events and treatments were applied to determine the potential amount of funding required for dark chocolate therapy to be considered cost effective. Results Daily consumption of dark chocolate (polyphenol content equivalent to 100 g of dark chocolate) can reduce cardiovascular events by 85 (95% confidence interval 60 to 105) per 10 000 population treated over 10 years. $A40 (£25; €31; $42) could be cost effectively spent per person per year on prevention strategies using dark chocolate. These results assume 100% compliance and represent a best case scenario. Conclusions The blood pressure and cholesterol lowering effects of dark chocolate consumption are beneficial in the prevention of cardiovascular events in a population with metabolic syndrome. Daily dark chocolate consumption could be an effective cardiovascular preventive strategy in this population.