重要的参数:动脉氧分压对比动脉血氧饱和度,作为重症监护氧合试验中的目标

2018-12-20 吴燕妮 重症医学

收入重症监护病房(ICU)的重症患者,尤其是有急性低氧性呼吸衰竭的患者的氧合目标,仍是一个有争论的话题。有越来越多的证据表明高氧有潜在的危害。然而,仍然不清楚最佳的氧合目标,在保证足够的氧合以避免低氧的伤害,同时尽量避免高氧。因此,需要对这一课题进行更大的随机临床试验。一些观察性研究以及干预前后的试验和3项小的随机对照试验为这一领域提供了有价值的,尽管不是决定性的证据。动脉氧饱和度(SaO2)或脉


收入重症监护病房(ICU)的重症患者,尤其是有急性低氧性呼吸衰竭的患者的氧合目标,仍是一个有争论的话题。有越来越多的证据表明高氧有潜在的危害。然而,仍然不清楚最佳的氧合目标,在保证足够的氧合以避免低氧的伤害,同时尽量避免高氧。因此,需要对这一课题进行更大的随机临床试验。一些观察性研究以及干预前后的试验和3项小的随机对照试验为这一领域提供了有价值的,尽管不是决定性的证据。动脉氧饱和度(SaO2)或脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)是大多数干预研究中确定目标范围的主要参数。我们想质疑这种,比起动脉氧分压(PaO2),偏好SaO2和SpO2作为目标参数的做法。因此,这一主张值得商榷。

ICU中应用氧的研究的一般假设是,氧毒性的危险性被低估,高氧的负面影响是显著的,即使与保守氧合策略后的低氧的风险相比。因此,提出更保守的氧合目标的研究主要是为了避免高氧。参数SaO2和SpO2的相关关系可见于氧解离曲线。ICU患者的PaO2区间大约为73kPa (55 mmHg)以上。在这个区域,氧解离曲线是相当平坦的[7],并且只覆盖了很小范围的SaO2的值。随着高氧水平的PaO2(根据PaO2的定义,它的值在 13.3 kPa (100 mmHg)以上至超过64.9 kPa (487 mmHg)),SaO2的范围变得更窄,而相应的SaO2仅包含四个数值,从97%到100%不等。当以SaO2为氧合的目标参数时,限制了高氧血症的控制。此外,在临床试验中用SaO2确定氧合目标时,窄的SaO2范围很可能会导致常规组和干预研究组之间PaO2或SaO2重叠风险更大。

人们可能会说,使用SaO2而不是PaO2,使得无创测量氧合、SpO2成为可能。SaO2与SpO2之间的相关性一般较高,这使得SpO2在ICU连续监测和滴定给氧中有很高的价值。然而,在脓毒症患者、使用升压药的患者、高或低体温患者和低氧血症患者中,使用SpO2作为动脉氧合指标是不可靠的。因此,如果不间歇测量SaO2作为比较,则不能在ICU使用SpO2,因为可能会出现4.4%以上的显着差异。此外,SpO2不足以识别和量化定义为PaO2在16.7 kPa (125 mmHg)以上、SpO2水平高于96%的高氧血症。因此,使用SpO2标定正常参考区间上部的正常氧合水平,无疑会导致高氧血症的发生。此外,在氧解离曲线[7]的陡坡处,SaO2的分化程度最高,当SpO2>94%是必要的,以避免SaO2低于90%的危险时,SpO2也不足以正确识别ICU的氧合水平。这一事实进一步缩小了使用SpO2时的分化范围。

使用SaO2而不是PaO2的一个论点是,在正常、健康的情况下,超过98%的输送的氧与血红蛋白结合在一起的。因此,SaO2结合红细胞压积或血红蛋白水平代表了动脉血实际携氧量的最直接的参数,而PaO2只是继而得到的参数。然而,氧解离曲线表明,SaO2和PaO2是相互依赖的,因此这一点基本上仍然是理论的。此外,随着高氧血症的程度加深,SaO2由于其100%的硬性上限而失去价值。再者,由于活性氧的形成与游离氧的量密切相关,而活性氧对高氧的有害作用起着重要的作用,所以PaO2可能是与氧的毒性关系最密切的参数。这些毒性特性是关于这个问题的试验想努力降至最低的,可以说,这种联系与SaO2和血的总的氧含量之间的关系一样重要。

在临床实践中,SaO2和PaO2常被用来指导氧疗,尤其是在ICU中,因为大多数重症ICU患者需要动脉插管来进行血流动力学监测。为了评估动脉氧合,最近北欧ICU医生的一项调查表明,比起SaO2,他们更喜欢PaO2。

总之,为了精确地定义氧合目标水平,减少不必要的高氧血症的风险、并尽量减少常规组和干预组之间的重叠、在ICU人群中进行更高对比更低的氧合指标的临床试验中,我们认为对比起SaO2,PaO2是更好的目标参数。这也反映在临床医生自述的偏好上。因此,我们主张在今后的临床试验中,使用PaO2作为动脉氧合的主要目标参数,目的是为如何在入住ICU的患者身上使用医疗用氧气提供证据。

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    2018-12-22 bioon6
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    2018-12-22 lqvr

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由此可见,US-FLI可以准确地识别组织严重程度,并与各种脂肪性肝病患者的代谢参数相关。US-FLI是一个筛查脂肪变性和这些代谢健康患者方便和灵活的工具。

CCLM:在健康受试者中估计红细胞和网织红细胞参数的短期和中期生物学变异

综合评估传统和创新红细胞(RBC)和网织红细胞参数是一种快速,廉价和非侵入性的诊断工具,该方法可用于鉴别诊断和随访贫血和其他需要骨髓红细胞生成评估的病理状况。因此,估计这些参数的生物学变异(BV)对于评估血液分析仪的分析性能以及实现准确的数据解释和适当的临床管理至关重要。本研究旨在确定红细胞和网织红细胞参数的短期和中期BV估计值和参考变化值(RCV)。 研究人员使用Sysmex XN通过对2

Front Physiol:基于自适应光学扫描激光检眼结果对糖尿病视网膜微动脉灌注参数进行计算流体动力学模型研究

英国爱丁堡大学亚瑟研究所医学信息中心的Bernabeu MO和Beetham眼科研究所的Lu Y等近日在 Front Physiol上发表了一篇重要的工作,他们利用高分辨率自适应光学扫描激光检眼镜(AOSLO)研究微动脉瘤(MA)相关的血管血液参数,并进行流体动力学分析。

Eur Heart J-Card Img:正常左心房功能超声心动图参数的参考范围!

由此可见,该研究提供了当代,合适的LA功能的超声心动图参考范围。该研究的数据突出LA功能年龄特异性参考值的重要性。

Crit Care:重症高钠血症住院患者肽素水平及常用实验室参数!

由此可见,肽素和尿素能过可靠地识别CDI患者,因此对于严重高钠血症患者是有用的治疗管理工具。