Liver Cancer:肝切除术在伴有血管侵犯的肝细胞癌中的作用:来自西方国家的证据

2021-07-09 yd2015 MedSci原创

对于某些伴有血管侵犯的肝细胞癌患者,手术切除是可以带来生存获益的。而未来小分子抑制剂、免疫检查点抑制剂和手术的联合有可能是该类患者改善预后的较好的方式,值得探讨。

晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)合并大血管侵犯,即门静脉(门静脉肿瘤血栓)或肝静脉(肝静脉肿瘤血栓)癌栓形成的患者,预后较差。门静脉肿瘤血栓可引起肝内转移和门静脉高压,导致食管胃静脉曲张出血。肝静脉血栓可延伸至下腔静脉,导致右心房血栓形成、肺内播散、肺栓塞,甚至猝死。来自日本的Norihiro Kokudo教授在Liver Cancer杂志上发表了针对来自西方国家的关于肝切除术在伴有血管侵犯的肝细胞癌中的作用的证据的评论。

在西方国家中,血管侵犯的患者通常不适合进行肝切除术,BCLC指南只推荐全身治疗。然而,有一部分患者在手术治疗后仍能存活很长时间,尽管他们的病情已经非常晚期。一些亚洲手术中心和一些西方手术中心已经开始使用手术治疗BCLC - C期HCC,只要它是可手术的,这些中心已经报道了可接受的预后结果。亚洲的肝脏外科医生对大血管侵犯采用肝切除术已经达成共识。有研究,包括那些分析日本国家数据的研究,已经报道了在这种情况下,肝切除的总生存期(OS)或无进展生存(DFS)比其他非手术治疗更好。由于肿瘤的异质性、相对罕见的情况以及获得随机化的知情同意的困难,随机化对照试验在这种情况下不太可行。使用适当的统计方法,包括倾向得分匹配(PSM),对大规模队列数据进行精确分析,可能是次佳的选择。

Govalan等报道了基于国家癌症数据库(National Cancer Database, NCDB)的数据,对于血管侵犯的患者,手术切除优于其他治疗方法。与全身治疗相比,手术切除与生存期相关(调整后HR=0.496,95%CI:0.426-0.578),手术切除组的中位生存期为21.4个月,全身治疗组为8.1个月。PSM分析中观察到手术切除的优势。我们必须认识到使用NCDB的一些固有局限性,包括无法获得血管侵犯程度或Child-Pugh分级的数据,而这些数据是HCC的关键预后变量。然而,Govalan等的研究首次分析了大量当代美国队列数据,他们的发现可能会引起许多西方国家的肝病学家的注意,重要的是把合格的病人进行手术治疗。

                     疗效比较

在这个使用分子靶向药物和免疫检查点抑制剂进行全身治疗的时代,最近的一项研究报道了一种非常有效的药物组合,可以延长血管侵袭性患者的生存期。有希望的系统治疗和手术的结合可能是一个未来的途径,以提高患者的生存与这种非常晚期的疾病。一些关于肝切除术前新辅助全身治疗的研究正在进行或正在计划中。目前的指南可能会根据这些方法的临床试验结果进行修改。

 

综上,对于某些伴有血管侵犯的肝细胞癌患者,手术切除是可以带来生存获益的。而未来小分子抑制剂、免疫检查点抑制剂和手术的联合有可能是该类患者改善预后的较好的方式,值得探讨。

原始出处:

Norihiro Kokudo, Takashi Kokudo, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, et al. Role of Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Vascular Invasion: Emerging Evidence from Western Countries. Liver Cancer. 2021. DOI: 10.1159/000517418. Published online: July 8, 2021.

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    2022-02-17 xjy02
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    2021-10-03 changfy
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肝切除术后残余肝可能会出现血供不足,尤其是进行非解剖性切除以及存在血管损伤的残余肝,血供不足的情况更为严重。JAMA SURGERY近期报道了一篇文章,评估残余肝缺血(RLI)对于肝细胞癌患者肝切除术后长期生存及死亡率的影响。