Neuropsychopharmacology:基因突变小鼠拥有更高智商

2015-08-18 佚名 生物谷

一项研究发现,通过抑制PDE4B蛋白表达,小鼠能够拥有更高的认知能力。相比于普通小鼠,这些基因改造小鼠能够记住更加久远的事件,可以解决更加复杂的问题。该研究由一个加拿大和英国的联合课题组完成,相关工作发表在最新一期的Neuropsychopharmacology上。 磷酸二酯酶PDE4B(phosphodiesterase-4B)是脊椎动物中一种常见的酶。这种酶一般在不同的器官(包括大脑)中表

一项研究发现,通过抑制PDE4B蛋白表达,小鼠能够拥有更高的认知能力。相比于普通小鼠,这些基因改造小鼠能够记住更加久远的事件,可以解决更加复杂的问题。该研究由一个加拿大和英国的联合课题组完成,相关工作发表在最新一期的Neuropsychopharmacology上。

磷酸二酯酶PDE4B(phosphodiesterase-4B)是脊椎动物中一种常见的酶。这种酶一般在不同的器官(包括大脑)中表达,其催化作用是打断磷酸二酯键。通过改变这个基因,使得在小鼠中这个酶PDE4B的作用受到抑制,通过行为学研究发现这种转基因小鼠有很高的“智商”。例如,比起普通小鼠,这种转基因小鼠能够更久地记住之前见过的其他小鼠。而且其解决问题的能力也强于普通小鼠,例如在一种被称为“Morris水迷宫”的测试中,这些转基因小鼠能够更快地定位隐藏的逃生平台。研究发现这种基因突变小鼠的神经形成能力增强、突触改变与其行为相互验证。

然而,这种转基因小鼠取似乎比起普通小鼠更焦虑。普通的小鼠往往喜欢封闭的、黑暗的环境,但是这种转基因小鼠则会花更多的时间呆在开放的环境下,也更喜欢明亮的地方。同时这些转基因小鼠对于恐惧的记忆则相对不强烈。普通的小鼠对于猫会有一定恐惧,但是转基因小鼠则对猫的恐惧记忆很“健忘”。这可能意味着这种转基因小鼠更喜欢尝试有风险的事情。

这种对于恐惧的健忘对于人类的健康治疗也有一定启示。虽然相关研究是在小鼠中完成的,在人类中也存在这种PDE4B蛋白,PDE4B抑制之后人类可能会有相似的行为学变化。小鼠中这种恐惧的健忘对于人类的健康研究也有一定借鉴意义,因为人类在某些时候也需要去忘却一些恐怖的记忆,尤其是对于那些患有创伤后应激症的人,能够忘却这样的恐惧对于面向未来的生活很有必要。

仅仅一个PDE4B蛋白的抑制就可以在小鼠中见到认知相关的行为学变化,因此这个PDE4B蛋白可能与认知存在一定关联。针对这个蛋白更深入的研究,可能为未来认知障碍、焦虑以及创伤后应激等症状的治疗提供思路。

原始出处:

'Brainy' mice raise hope of better treatments for cognitive disorders.ScienceDaily.Aug 14,2015

Alexander McGirr, Tatiana V Lipina, Ho-Suk Mun, John Georgiou, Ahmed H Al-Amri, Enoch Ng, Dongxu Zhai, Christina Elliott, Ryan T Cameron, Jonathan GL Mullins, Fang Liu, George S Baillie, Steven J Clapcote, John C Roder. Specific Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase-4B Results in Anxiolysis and Facilitates Memory Acquisition. Neuropsychopharmacology.Aug 14,2015

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    2015-11-24 jj000001
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    2015-10-24 yb6560
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    2015-08-20 晓辰

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