Pediatrics:婴儿患百日咳,很大传染源竟是兄弟姐妹

2015-09-08 MedSci 译 MedSci原创

发表在Pediatrics的一项新研究表明,婴儿很有可能从他们的兄弟姐妹身上感染百日咳杆菌,并患百日咳。百日咳是一种在任何年龄段都可患的高度传染性呼吸道疾病,特别是婴儿和儿童发病率极高。该病不仅患病时间长,也会引起患儿不适,严重者会导致患儿因各种并发症而导致死亡。1岁以下的婴儿为高危患病人群,在美国,约一半的住院患儿年龄在1岁以下。百日咳患儿表现的最初症状类似感冒,如流鼻涕,并伴有轻微咳嗽。 婴儿

发表在Pediatrics的一项新研究表明,婴儿很有可能从他们的兄弟姐妹身上感染百日咳杆菌,并患百日咳。


百日咳是一种在任何年龄段都可患病的高度传染性呼吸道疾病,特别是婴儿和儿童发病率极高。该病不仅患病时间长,也会引起患儿不适,严重者会导致患儿各种并发症进而导致死亡。1岁以下的婴儿为高危患病人群,在美国,约一半的住院患儿年龄在1岁以下。百日咳患儿表现的最初症状类似感冒,如流鼻涕,并伴有轻微咳嗽。 婴儿可能出现不规则的呼吸方式——呼吸暂停。该病潜伏期通常是5 - 10天,但可延长至3周。该病可持续10周,甚至更久。因此名为百日咳。并发症包括肺炎和肋骨骨折。 

在这项研究中,Tami H. Skoff共分析了2006-2013年间共1306例患百日咳的婴儿。

CDC数据显示,2012年患病人数共有48277例,且有20人死亡,2013年患病人数共28639例,2014年患病人数共有28660例。2014年6月,加州公共卫生部(CDPH)宣布加州爆发百日咳,短短3周内医院就新收了800例患者。 新研究表明,虽然过去认为母亲是导致婴儿患病的最大感染源,但是新研究表明,婴儿更易从其兄弟姐妹身上获得百日咳杆菌并感染。 

患儿的兄弟姐妹可能患有百日咳,但是由于接种疫苗所以并未出现类似感冒的相应临床表现,所以就导致患儿患病。在他们的研究中,Skoff和他的同事们发现了这一变化,因此,他们对此表示十分担忧。

调查结果显示,66.6%的病例是受直系亲属感染,其中35.5%传染源来自兄弟姐妹,20.6%来源于母亲,10%的传染源来源于父亲。

通常医疗机构采用白喉、百日咳、破伤风(DTaP)疫苗,每隔10年给青少年接种,尤其是婴儿和幼儿,但随着时间的延长,该疫苗的保护效力逐年减少。 

研究人员呼吁增加未成年人的保护,尤其是刚出生数月内的婴儿,并关注混合疫苗的接种覆盖率,并建议孕妇接种混合疫苗,以保护婴儿免受百日咳疾病感染的风险。

原始出处:

Infants more likely to catch whooping cough from siblings than mothers,MNT,,7 September 2015。

Tami H. Skoff et al,Sources of infant pertussis infection in the United States,Pediatrics,7 September 2015

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    2016-08-06 hbwxf
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    2016-03-23 zll0625
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    2015-10-21 feather89
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