盘点:缺铁还是铁超负荷?真的不容忽视!

2017-07-13 MedSci MedSci原创

铁元素是人体必需的微量元素之一,是构成血红蛋白、参与氧化反应及细胞增殖的必需元素,它广泛参与重要的生命代谢过程。正常人体的含铁量为3~4g,男性平均约3.8g,女性平均约2.3g。人体内铁元素低于或超过正常值都会对人体造成危害,这里梅斯小编整理了关于“铁”的重要研究进展与大家一同分享。【1】ATVB:人体铁含量或与心脏病风险相关英国帝国理工学院7月6日发布的一项研究显示,体内铁含量较低的人,患

铁元素是人体必需的微量元素之一,是构成血红蛋白、参与氧化反应及细胞增殖的必需元素,它广泛参与重要的生命代谢过程。正常人体的含铁量为3~4g,男性平均约3.8g,女性平均约2.3g。人体内铁元素低于或超过正常值都会对人体造成危害,这里梅斯小编整理了关于“铁”的重要研究进展与大家一同分享。

【1】ATVB:人体铁含量或与心脏病风险相关


英国帝国理工学院7月6日发布的一项研究显示,体内铁含量较低的人,患冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的风险可能更高。

冠心病主要指冠状动脉血管发生动脉粥样硬化病变而引起血管腔狭窄或阻塞,造成心肌缺血、缺氧或坏死而导致的心脏病。
来自帝国理工学院以及伦敦大学学院的学者希望找到人体铁含量与心脏病之间是否存在关联。他们将主要目光放在了单核苷酸多态性这一指标上。

单核苷酸多态性主要是指在基因组水平上由单个核苷酸的变异所引起的DNA序列多态性。它是人类可遗传的变异中最常见的一种。单核苷酸多态性能影响一个人体内的铁含量。研究人员将其作为一个重要指标判断这种营养元素的水平。据这份刊登在期刊《动脉硬化、血栓和血管生物学》上的报告,研究团队发现根据单核苷酸多态性判断出体内铁含量较高的人,患冠心病的风险相对较低。(文章详见——ATVB:人体铁含量或与心脏病风险相关



【2】Blood:肝细胞HNF4α/miR-122信号通路直接参与铁超负荷诱导的肝脏炎症

肝脏铁超负荷(IO)是输血治疗时的主要并发症。一般认为,其在肝巨噬细胞中产生活性氧后,能引发大量的炎症反应。最近的研究发现,在IO基因敲除 (Hfe-/-) 小鼠模型中观察到microRNA-122的减少。研究人员报告了在人原代肝细胞和Thd-1衍生的巨噬细胞中IO诱导的相似的炎症反应,并将研究结果发表在了最新一期的Blood上。

在小鼠肝脏中,IO不仅造成炎症基因表达的改变,还对超过230个基因的表达产生影响,这些都是microRNA-122的靶向基因。此外,右旋糖酐铁注射液和3%羰基含铁饮食都导致了肝脏炎症的上调,这与HNF4α及其下游靶向microRNA-122的显著降低相关。有趣的是,缺失巨噬细胞的小鼠中,类似的信号通路也发生了改变,这表明巨噬细胞并不是IO的唯一靶点。最重要的是,特异性肝细胞的microRNA-122的过度表达改善了IO介导的肝脏炎症。(文章详见——Blood:肝细胞HNF4α/miR-122信号通路直接参与铁超负荷诱导的肝脏炎症

【3】Inflamm Bowel Dis:膳食铁与血红素铁的消耗与炎症性肠病发生率的关系

膳食铁与血红素铁可以通过对患者肠道共生菌和肠屏障功能的影响来调节结肠炎症,但是膳食摄取铁总量和血红素铁对于克罗恩病(CD)与溃疡性结肠炎(UC)发病率之间的关系还没有研究报道。

最近,有一项研究筛选了165331名美国妇女,进行了护理健康研究一期和二期的前瞻性队列研究。通过膳食信息采集表收集患者的饮食数据,患者IBD诊断临床医生检查并确认。

本项研究随访了自从2011年以来登记住院过的IBD患者,共261例CD患者和321例UC患者,发现膳食血红素铁与UC发病风险的增加无明显关系(P=0.12),与CD的发病率增加也无关(P=0.67)。同时,发现饮食摄铁总量与CD和UC发病率的增加也没有统计学差异。(文章详见——Inflamm Bowel Dis:膳食铁与血红素铁的消耗与炎症性肠病发生率的关系)

【4】JAMA Neurol:脑铁或可预测阿尔茨海默病的进展

1993年,临床基础研究和流行病学研究均发现ApoEε4基因型在晚发家族性和散发性阿尔茨海默病的发病机理中起着功能性作用,且伴有ε2等位基因频率的减少 。这一发现最近得到了全世界众多研究小组的确认。此外,又发现ApoEε4也与早发AD有关,且是AD的一个重要预测因子。

近期发表在JAMA Neurol上的一项新的研究表明,脑铁水平可预测携带有ApoEε4等位基因的阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的疾病进展。

在这项研究中,研究人员分析了脑脊液水平的淀粉样β1-42(Aβ1-42),tau蛋白,载脂蛋白E(ApoE),铁蛋白,H因子(炎症指标)、血红蛋白(贫血标准),参与者的认知性能通过雷伊听觉言语学习测验(RAVLT)和阿尔茨海默病评定量表-认知部分量表(ADAS-Cog13)评定。

分析发现,认知正常的参与者中,铁蛋白水平与认知功能减退相关。根据ε4基因将认知正常的个体进行分类后发现,在携带有ApoEε4等位基因的参与者中,铁蛋白水平与认知功能减退相关密切相关。(文章详见——JAMA Neurol:脑铁或可预测阿尔茨海默病的进展



【5】Brit J Nutr:三成女士贫血,过量补铁或增加女士死亡风险

缺铁性贫血在人群中并不少见。近期江苏省疾控中心史祖民等分析了参加江苏营养研究的8291人随访10年的数据。按照缺铁性贫血诊断标准有三成人贫血,女性更多见有35%贫血,男性为24.2%。该研究的8291人均来自江苏营养研究,年龄在20~98岁。平均随访9.9年期间,有491人死亡,包括192例心血管死亡和162癌症死亡。

血红蛋白水平与全因死亡呈“U”型曲线关系。在校正年龄、性别、吸烟饮酒、体力活动、教育水平、职业、体重、高血压等因素后,男性血红蛋白在140 g/L,女性在125 g/L时,死亡风险最低。

就血红蛋白和死亡风险的关系而言,女性治疗窗口似乎相对更窄。与血红蛋白121 g/L相比,血红蛋白在105 g/L以下和144 g/L以上时,女性死亡风险分别增加2.29和2.31倍。研究者认为,这或与绝经和铁诱导的氧化应激有关。对于男性,与血红蛋白143g/L相比,血红蛋白小于122 g/L和大于154 g/L时,死亡风险分别增加61%和65%。研究者指出,或许超出推荐的膳食铁摄入量,会增加女性死亡风险。(文章详见——Brit J Nutr:三成女士贫血,过量补铁或增加女士死亡风险

【6】补充铁剂:新的心衰治疗措施?

越来越多的数据显示,铁补充剂和心衰患者的预后相关。AHA 2016年会上,Lewis报告了IRONOUT-HF研究的发现,该研究对比了口服铁剂与安慰剂在缺铁HFrEF患者中的效果。来自格罗宁根大学医学中心的Dirk J. van Veldhuisen报告了EFFECT-HF研究的发现,研究在相似人群中对比了静注铁剂与标准治疗的效果。

一、IRONOUT-HF

基于FAIR-HF和CONFIRM-HF研究的结果,Lewis等人假设口服铁多糖能够改善225例缺铁HFrEF患者(平均年龄63岁;36%女性;平均左室射血分数25%)的VO2峰值。

结果发现口服铁剂与安慰剂组的主要终点并无差异。次要终点也没有明显的差异。两组患者不良事件、严重不良事件、停药、死亡或心血管再住院率相似。

铁调素水平的不恰当升高与铁存储直接相关。铁调素水平最高者的铁存储变化为零,铁调素水平最低者的确吸收了部分铁剂。这可能指明了哪些人群能够对口服铁剂产生反应。

二、EFFECT-HF

Van Veldhuisen等人随机对174例患者(平均年龄63岁;25%女性;平均LVEF 32%)行静注铁多糖或标准治疗。

主要终点是基线至24周时校正体重后的VO2峰值变化。次要终点包括基线至12周时VO2峰值的变化、VE/VCO2斜率的变化等。研究者发现,静注铁多糖组的主要终点变化大于标准治疗组。两组不良事件发生率相似。

这些发现证实并拓展了以往研究的结论,即铁多糖治疗能够改善患者的运动能力和症状。患者群体能够很好的耐受铁多糖。(文章详见——补充铁剂:新的心衰治疗措施?



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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1813533, encodeId=2286181353321, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c21a92930ba' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#超负荷#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92930, encryptionId=c21a92930ba, topicName=超负荷)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 05:04:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395158, encodeId=dd421395158a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c268e940840' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#缺铁#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79408, encryptionId=c268e940840, topicName=缺铁)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6eb32500176, createdName=luckyshitiancai_42705684, createdTime=Sat Jul 15 03:04:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=222347, encodeId=b47722234e9c, content=不错的文章值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Fri Jul 14 23:43:13 CST 2017, time=2017-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221873, encodeId=a1d42218e389, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=550d2008262, createdName=luominglian113, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 13:22:16 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221860, encodeId=8f4f22186018, content=学习一下知识了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 12:45:23 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221859, encodeId=80be2218598b, content=人体铁含量与很多系统病变有关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 12:34:53 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221855, encodeId=9b75221855e4, content=不错的文章,值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 12:17:56 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221853, encodeId=568422185385, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib2emBzjO0FtqTJ05AqrEEdRmp6tmlsLXqpzfxWdtgbbgPGWRHagoK9fLTd3IayRPgkJVIVBWtdlmnkBhOIR4cFM/0, createdBy=e8d51649330, createdName=飘飘爱, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 12:09:57 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-14 131****2916

    不错的文章值得学习

    0

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    2017-07-13 luominglian113

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-07-13 flysky120

    学习一下知识了

    0

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    2017-07-13 邓启付

    人体铁含量与很多系统病变有关

    0

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    2017-07-13 131****2916

    不错的文章,值得学习

    0

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    2017-07-13 飘飘爱

    很好

    0

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