甲醛? 咸鱼? 火腿? 常见 I 类致癌物质一览

2018-09-05 肿瘤时间 催收水电费

近日,阿里员工租用甲醛超标房屋罹患白血病身亡的报道闹得沸沸扬扬。甲醛的确被 IARC 列为 I 级致癌物质,但其增加的主要是罹患鼻咽癌的风险,与白血病的相关性还有待考究。国际癌症研究机构(IARC)自 1971 年起便组织专家组收集和评价世界各国有关化学物质对人类致癌危险性的资料。那么致癌物质是如何分级的呢?日常生活中,又有哪些东西被归为 I 类致癌物质呢?让我们一起看看吧。致癌物质的分级:I 级

近日,阿里员工租用甲醛超标房屋罹患白血病身亡的报道闹得沸沸扬扬。甲醛的确被 IARC 列为 I 级致癌物质,但其增加的主要是罹患鼻咽癌的风险,与白血病的相关性还有待考究。

国际癌症研究机构(IARC)自 1971 年起便组织专家组收集和评价世界各国有关化学物质对人类致癌危险性的资料。那么致癌物质是如何分级的呢?日常生活中,又有哪些东西被归为 I 类致癌物质呢?让我们一起看看吧。

致癌物质的分级:

I 级:对人类是致癌物。对人类致癌性证据充分者属于本组。

IIa 级:对人类很可能是致癌物,指对人类致癌性证据有限。对实验动物致癌性证据充分。

IIb 级:对人类是可能致癌物,指对人类致癌性证据有限,对实验动物致癌性证据并不充分;或指对人类致癌性证据不足,对实验动物致癌性证据充分。

III 级:现有的证据不能对人类致癌性进行分类。

IV 级:对人类可能是非致癌物。

职业性接触:

与职业暴露有关的艾其逊法(用电弧炉制碳化矽)、铝生产、金胺生产、焦炭生产、赤铁矿开采(地下)、石棉工人、钢铁铸造、皮革粉末、品红生产、画家、油漆工、粉刷工、橡胶制造业、焊接烟尘等。

大多数职业病由于粉尘影响而有造成肺癌的风险;油漆匠由于职业性接触可能导致血液肿瘤;长期从事聚氯乙烯生产的工人可导致肝血管肉瘤;长期接触毛沸石可直接导致恶性间皮瘤。

令人惊讶的是,2016 年,IARC 将 65 ℃以上热水纳入了 IIa 类致癌物质。看来以后不能说多喝热水,要说多喝温水了。实际上,热饮(65 ℃以上)的致癌性风险来源于温度,而并非饮品本身。食道比我们想象中脆弱得多,而 65 ℃实际上是一个很烫的温度,直接滴到皮肤上有痛感,抿一小口有灼烧感并难以下咽。一般来说将热饮倒出,静置几分钟,稍稍吹一下便可慢慢饮用了。

需要注意的是,致癌性分级依据是致癌证据的确凿程度,和致癌强度并没有必然联系。此外,抛开强度和剂量讲致癌物质都是耍流氓,只要把控好量,做好防护措施,大家也不必过于担忧。

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    2018-09-07 jambiya
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    2018-09-07 qjddjq

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