Sci Adv:衰老可逆转!“乙酰辅酶A”或能续充人类寿命

2020-08-07 生物探索 生物探索

线粒体是能量代谢的工厂,也影响和调节着人类的寿命。线粒体功能下降会导致衰老,但是有趣的是,生命早期的轻度线粒体应激(线粒体在刺激下的适应性调节)、线粒体产生的活性氧(ROS)又可能会延长寿命。

线粒体是能量代谢的工厂,也影响和调节着人类的寿命。线粒体功能下降会导致衰老,但是有趣的是,生命早期的轻度线粒体应激(线粒体在刺激下的适应性调节)、线粒体产生的活性氧(ROS)又可能会延长寿命。

在线粒体中进行的三羧酸循环,是三大营养素(糖类、脂类、氨基酸)的最终代谢通路。这些营养素生物氧化后都会生成乙酰辅酶A,然后进入三羧酸循环进行降解,这个过程对维持呼吸和产生能量十分重要。

那么,代谢物乙酰辅酶A和衰老之间有什么联系?近日,发表在《Science Advanced》的一篇名为“NuRD mediates mitochondrial stress–induced longevity via chromatin remodeling in response to acetyl-CoA level”的文章,首次揭示了代谢物乙酰辅酶A能通过重塑染色体来影响衰老的进程。

Doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abb2529

具体而言,该项研究发现,乙酰辅酶A(CoA)作为一种线粒体的关键信号可调节衰老。因为当CoA降低时,会启动组蛋白脱乙酰基酶复合物(NuRD)来给染色质进行加工(染色体重塑),从而引起衰老。而当添加营养恢复乙酰辅酶A的水平时,又能逆转寿命的减少。这些发现为延长人类寿命的研究奠定了重要的基础。

当某些改变给线粒体造成压力时,线粒体会启动线粒体非折叠蛋白反应(UPRmt)来保护机体,这一机制可用于维持线粒体内的蛋白质稳态。转录因子DVE-1(协助转录的蛋白因子)是胚胎发育和线粒体形态维持所必需的,也参与了UPRmt信号传导。

因此,研究小组首先利用免疫沉淀与蛋白质谱分析了线粒体应激反应通路中重要的转录因子DVE-1和NuRD复合体之间的关系。结果发现,NuRD复合体在调节线粒体应激反应中起特定作用,线粒体的应激还会导致NuRD复合体的核积累。

在UPRmt信号转导中与DVE-1相关的NuRD复合体的鉴定和特性(部分截图)

线粒体应激反应下的NuRD复合体亚基在细胞核内积累

之前的研究发现,线粒体应激可诱导秀丽隐杆线虫的肠细胞核整体的染色质重塑(参与基因表达调控),而NuRD复合体又在染色质重塑中发挥着着作用。因此,研究小组考察了野生型和NuRD突变型的动物中NuRD成分的变化对染色质结构的影响。结果发现,NuRD复合物是线粒体应激引起的染色质重塑所必需的。

那么,线粒体应激是如何引起NuRD诱导的染色质重塑的呢?接着,研究人员从线粒体应激时主要的代谢变化入手,考察了重要的代谢通路的参与者“乙酰辅酶A”对这些代谢信号的影响以及与NuRD诱导的染色体重塑之间的关系。结果发现,降低线粒体电子传输链(ETC)的活性会影响线粒体呼吸功能,引起三羧酸循环(TCA)的参与者“乙酰辅酶A”的减少,从而导致组蛋白乙酰化减少和染色质重塑。

线粒体应激时乙酰辅酶A对染色质结构和NuRD复合体的影响(部分截图)

以上的结果引发了研究人员的思考,乙酰辅酶A的变化会导致染色质重塑,NuRD复合物是由线粒体应激引起的染色质重塑所必需的。那么,乙酰辅酶A和NuRD复合物之间有什么联系呢?研究小组通过一系列的实验结果发现,乙酰辅酶A是代谢中间体,在秀丽隐杆线虫中通过NuRD复合体调节线粒体代谢状态和表观基因组。

乙酰辅酶A的减少会导致染色质结构改变 (部分截图)

简单来讲,“乙酰辅酶A”水平降低后,能通过诱导NuRD复合体调控组蛋白乙酰化水平来重塑染色质结构。然而,这与衰老又有什么联系呢?

最后,研究人员做了一个有趣的实验,通过补充营养(柠檬酸盐,乙酸盐,丙酮酸盐和葡萄糖)以恢复乙酰辅酶A水平,考察了在线粒体应激状态下动物的寿命。结果发现,动物可以在发育过程中调节细胞代谢变化和膳食营养素的输入水平,从而在发育过程中形成染色质结构,留下持久的表观遗传学特征,最终决定了衰老的进展。

膳食营养素影响线粒体应激诱导的寿命

总之,这项研究发现,线粒体应激可诱导乙酰辅酶A的降低,NuRD复合体感受到乙酰辅酶A水平下降后,会在细胞核内累积并重塑染色质结构,从而影响寿命。而这种影响可通过补充营养素来适当干预,这为利用营养代谢调控机体衰老的研究提供了一个新颖的思路。

原始出处:

Di Zhu, Xueying Wu,Jun Zhou, et.al. NuRD mediates mitochondrial stress–induced longevity via chromatin remodeling in response to acetyl-CoA level. Science Advances 31 Jul 2020: Vol. 6, no. 31, eabb2529

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2082852, encodeId=6271208285249, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=62bb93e196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辅酶A#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93719, encryptionId=62bb93e196b, topicName=辅酶A)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Wed Jul 21 16:09:50 CST 2021, time=2021-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934002, encodeId=42d019340021d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e8572506580' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人类寿命#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25065, encryptionId=e8572506580, topicName=人类寿命)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d784426, createdName=isabellayj, createdTime=Tue Sep 22 15:09:50 CST 2020, time=2020-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=806755, encodeId=c0fd806e550e, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200803/d669a8255ef042b4b50cb4b323fac1e4/3da0f519fc71432ca9a2f4c05279c082.jpg, createdBy=a8312408082, createdName=chenny, createdTime=Fri Aug 07 10:40:15 CST 2020, time=2020-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=806724, encodeId=7b38806e2474, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c239032154' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#衰老#</a>与NMD差不多吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90321, encryptionId=4c239032154, topicName=衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Aug 07 09:10:29 CST 2020, time=2020-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2082852, encodeId=6271208285249, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=62bb93e196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辅酶A#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93719, encryptionId=62bb93e196b, topicName=辅酶A)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Wed Jul 21 16:09:50 CST 2021, time=2021-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934002, encodeId=42d019340021d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e8572506580' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人类寿命#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25065, encryptionId=e8572506580, topicName=人类寿命)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d784426, createdName=isabellayj, createdTime=Tue Sep 22 15:09:50 CST 2020, time=2020-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=806755, encodeId=c0fd806e550e, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200803/d669a8255ef042b4b50cb4b323fac1e4/3da0f519fc71432ca9a2f4c05279c082.jpg, createdBy=a8312408082, createdName=chenny, createdTime=Fri Aug 07 10:40:15 CST 2020, time=2020-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=806724, encodeId=7b38806e2474, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c239032154' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#衰老#</a>与NMD差不多吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90321, encryptionId=4c239032154, topicName=衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Aug 07 09:10:29 CST 2020, time=2020-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2082852, encodeId=6271208285249, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=62bb93e196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辅酶A#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93719, encryptionId=62bb93e196b, topicName=辅酶A)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Wed Jul 21 16:09:50 CST 2021, time=2021-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934002, encodeId=42d019340021d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e8572506580' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人类寿命#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25065, encryptionId=e8572506580, topicName=人类寿命)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d784426, createdName=isabellayj, createdTime=Tue Sep 22 15:09:50 CST 2020, time=2020-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=806755, encodeId=c0fd806e550e, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200803/d669a8255ef042b4b50cb4b323fac1e4/3da0f519fc71432ca9a2f4c05279c082.jpg, createdBy=a8312408082, createdName=chenny, createdTime=Fri Aug 07 10:40:15 CST 2020, time=2020-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=806724, encodeId=7b38806e2474, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c239032154' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#衰老#</a>与NMD差不多吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90321, encryptionId=4c239032154, topicName=衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Aug 07 09:10:29 CST 2020, time=2020-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-07 chenny

    学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2082852, encodeId=6271208285249, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=62bb93e196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辅酶A#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93719, encryptionId=62bb93e196b, topicName=辅酶A)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Wed Jul 21 16:09:50 CST 2021, time=2021-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934002, encodeId=42d019340021d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e8572506580' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人类寿命#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25065, encryptionId=e8572506580, topicName=人类寿命)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d784426, createdName=isabellayj, createdTime=Tue Sep 22 15:09:50 CST 2020, time=2020-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=806755, encodeId=c0fd806e550e, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200803/d669a8255ef042b4b50cb4b323fac1e4/3da0f519fc71432ca9a2f4c05279c082.jpg, createdBy=a8312408082, createdName=chenny, createdTime=Fri Aug 07 10:40:15 CST 2020, time=2020-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=806724, encodeId=7b38806e2474, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c239032154' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#衰老#</a>与NMD差不多吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90321, encryptionId=4c239032154, topicName=衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Aug 07 09:10:29 CST 2020, time=2020-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-07 lovetcm

    #衰老#与NMD差不多吧

    0

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Nature:乙酰辅酶A合成酶维持海马区神经元细胞功能,改善记忆能力

这些结果揭示了细胞代谢产物,基因调控和神经原记忆功能之间的联系,并建立了染色质上的乙酰辅酶A生成与“组蛋白乙酰化”和关键神经元基因转录之间的机制。未来可能根据此机制开发在海马区增强乙酰辅酶A合成酶,促进神经元细胞基因表达,改善记忆能力的疗法。