Science:老年人季节性流感易死亡的关键或在于炎性反应

2016-04-25 佚名 生物谷

一项新的研究提示着老年人因甲型流感病毒感染(Influenza A virus, IAV)而死亡可能主要是由对甲型流感病毒作出的破坏性免疫反应导致的。这一认识可能导致人们针对最为脆弱的病人开发出新的策略来治疗甲型流感。相关研究结果发表在2016年4月22日那期Science期刊上,论文标题为“Mx1 reveals innate pathways to antivi

一项新的研究提示着老年人因甲型流感病毒感染(Influenza A virus, IAV)而死亡可能主要是由对甲型流感病毒作出的破坏性免疫反应导致的。这一认识可能导致人们针对最为脆弱的病人开发出新的策略来治疗甲型流感。相关研究结果发表在2016年4月22日那期Science期刊上,论文标题为“Mx1 reveals innate pathways to antiviral resistance and lethal influenza disease”。

在这项研究中,来自美国耶鲁大学等机构的研究人员发现甲型流感病毒复制并不足以促进季节性流感导致的死亡。

在全世界,每年有高达50万人死于甲型流感病毒感染,其中90%的死亡病例发生于65岁及以上的老人身上。为了理解为何老年人更容易遭受影响,研究人员首次观察甲型流感病毒感染对来自年轻人和老年人的单核细胞(也是一种免疫细胞)的影响。他们发现来自老年人的单核细胞分泌诸如干扰素之类的重要抗病毒蛋白的能力显著下降。

论文通信作者、霍华德-休斯医学研究所研究员和免疫学教授Akiko Iwasaki说,“它证实老年人可能更容易遭受流感病毒感染,这是因为它们不能够发起抗病毒反应。”

为了验证这一观点,研究人员构建出模拟老年人免疫反应下降的表达功能性Mx1基因的模式小鼠。特别地,他们阻断能够让小鼠免疫系统检测甲型流感病毒的基因Mavs和Tlr7,允许这种病毒在肺部不受控制地复制,而且它们还遭受肺部组织损伤。他们确定这种组织损伤背后的炎症导致小鼠因甲型流感病毒感染而死亡。

Iwasaki说,“我们发现这种病毒自我复制并不足以杀死这些小鼠,它还需要宿主炎性反应。”这一反应涉及一种被称作嗜中性粒细胞的免疫细胞,它诱导抵抗甲型流感病毒感染的炎症。嗜中性粒细胞是由炎性体(inflammasome)激活的,其中,炎性体是为病毒感染保留的高负荷运行的蛋白复合体,当病毒感染时,它导致嗜中性粒细胞产生炎性免疫反应。在产生炎症抵抗这种病毒时,这些嗜中性粒细胞也破坏肺部中的组织。

这一发现突出强调了一种抵抗甲型流感病毒的潜在新策略。Iwasaki说,“它可能为我们治疗感染上甲型流感病毒的老年人提供巨大的希望。如果我们在小鼠体内观察到的结构也确实适用于人类的话,那么我们应当处理破坏肺部的免疫细胞,而不是试图阻断病毒复制。”她说,靶向炎症的药物---通过阻断嗜中性粒细胞或者被称作炎性体半胱氨酸蛋白酶(inflammasome caspase)的促炎性酶---可能延长感染上甲型流感病毒的老年人存活。

原始出处:

Pillai PS, Molony RD, Martinod K, Dong H, Pang IK, Tal MC, Solis AG, Bielecki P, Mohanty S, Trentalange M, Homer RJ, Flavell RA, Wagner DD, Montgomery RR, Shaw AC, Staeheli P, Iwasaki A. Mx1 reveals innate pathways to antiviral resistance and lethal influenza disease. Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):463-6.

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    2016-09-18 ylzr123

    赞了!深度好文,深入学习。

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    2016-04-27 jichang
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    2016-04-27 30397606
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