Nature:突破!成纤维细胞体外形成人类囊胚

2021-03-20 haibei MedSci原创

最近,研究人员在Nature杂志发文,描述了从成纤维细胞出发,得到的体外具有三维模型的人类囊胚,称为iBlastoids的重编程。

哺乳动物的胚胎发生始于全能合子,其可发育成蜕膜,然后形成囊胚。随着胚胎植入,在囊胚内的上胚层(EPI)系的细胞发展成胚胎和羊膜,而滋养层(TE)和原始内胚层(PE)的细胞将最终产生胎盘和卵黄囊。当在体外培养时,EPI细胞可以形成人类胚胎干(hES)细胞。另外,成人细胞可以通过转录因子介导的重编程转化为人类诱导多能干(hiPS)细胞。这些多能干细胞可以分化成身体的所有细胞类型,并已被用于开发体外模型,研究人类早期发育。

虽然这些简单的干细胞模型已经为研究人员提供了前所未有的洞察力,以了解人类多能性的遗传和表观遗传特征,然而,这些简单的培养系统缺乏机体的复杂性,不足以充分模拟在早期胚胎发育过程中发生的细胞和分子动力学。目前,研究的唯一方法是将体外受精后捐献给研究的囊胚的信息纳入其中。将人类囊胚用于研究目的,带来了无数的伦理、政策和技术限制,这些限制共同限制了我们对人类早期胚胎发育的理解。

最近,研究人员在Nature杂志发文,描述了从成纤维细胞出发,得到的体外具有三维模型的人类囊胚,称为iBlastoids的重编程。iBlastoids的表征表明,它们模拟了囊胚的整体结构,呈现出内部细胞团状结构,具有上胚层和原始内胚层样细胞,囊状腔和滋养层样细胞的外

单细胞转录组学进一步证实了外胚层、原始内胚层和滋养层样细胞的存在。此外,iBlastoids可以产生多能性和滋养层干细胞,并能够在体外模拟胚胎植入的早期阶段的多个过程

总之,研究人员开发了一个可高通量并可追溯的系统,以模拟人类囊胚生物学,这将促进对人类早期发育,以及基因突变和毒素在早期胚胎发生过程中的影响的研究,并协助开发与体外受精相关的新疗法。但是,体外人类胚胎的研究仍然需要注意伦理问题。

 

原始出处:

Xiaodong Liu et al. Modelling human blastocysts by reprogramming fibroblasts into iBlastoids. Nature (2021). 

 

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    2021-08-23 liye789132251
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    2021-03-20 ms4000000766888979

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